Carbon dioxide utilisation for production of transport fuels: process and economic analysis

Dimitriou, Ioanna; García-Gutiérrez, Pelayo; Elder, Rachael H.; Cuéllar-Franca, Rosa M.; Azapagic, Adisa; Allen, Ray

doi:10.1039/c4ee04117h

Cited by 243 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…This is a relevant finding because it shows the limitations of this CO 2 utilisation option in mitigating the CO 2 emissions of an industrial source. Alternatively, the implementation of CO 2 utilisation to larger markets such as transport fuels have been investigated [43]. The production of fuels from CO 2 would not contribute to mitigation of CO 2 emissions by long-term storage time before the CO 2 is re-emitted to the atmosphere as in the polyol case, but by integrating renewable energy into the fuel-value chain [44].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective techno-economic and environmental assessment of carbon capture at a refinery and CO2 utilisation in polyol synthesis

Fernández-Dacosta

Spek

Hung

et al. 2017

Journal of CO2 Utilization

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Keywords:Carbon capture and utilisation CO 2 economy CO 2 -based polyols CO 2 emissions reduction Pedigree analysis A B S T R A C T CO 2 utilisation is gaining interest as a potential element towards a sustainable economy. CO 2 can be used as feedstock in the synthesis of fuels, chemicals and polymers. This study presents a prospective assessment of carbon capture from a hydrogen unit at a refinery, where the CO 2 is either stored, or partly stored and partly utilised for polyols production. A methodology integrating technical, economic and environmental models with uncertainty analysis is used to assess the performance of carbon capture and storage or utilisation at the refinery.Results show that only 10% of the CO 2 captured from an industrial hydrogen unit can be utilised in a commercial-scale polyol plant. This option has limited potential for large scale CO 2 mitigation from industrial sources. However, CO 2 capture from a hydrogen unit and its utilisation for the synthesis of polyols provides an interesting alternative from an economic perspective. The costs of CO 2 -based polyol are estimated at 1200 €/t polyol, 16% lower than those of conventional polyol. Furthermore, the costs of storing the remaining CO 2 are offset by the benefits of cheaper polyol production. Therefore, the combination of CO 2 capture and partial utilisation provides an improved business case over capture and storage alone. The environmental assessment shows that the climate change potential of this CO 2 utilisation system is 23% lower compared to a reference case in which no CO 2 is captured at the refinery. Five other environmental impact categories included in this study present slightly better performance for the utilisation case than for the reference case.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective techno-economic and environmental assessment of carbon capture at a refinery and CO2 utilisation in polyol synthesis

Fernández-Dacosta

Spek

Hung

et al. 2017

Journal of CO2 Utilization

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“…Water and carbon dioxide will need to be combined with renewable energy from carbon-neutral sources, such as wind or solar, to produce hydrocarbons in a sustainable manner [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Initially, this CO 2 will come from high CO 2 concentration sources such as steel mills, cement furnaces, and ethanol fermenters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical generation of syngas from water and carbon dioxide at industrially important rates

Liu

Masel

Chen

et al. 2016

Journal of CO2 Utilization

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A B S T R A C TThe electrochemical production of syngas would enable production of chemicals and transportation fuels from carbon dioxide, water and renewable energy, but a suitable process at the moment does not exist. In this paper we consider two options for syngas production: (i) CO 2 electrolysis to produce CO, water electrolysis to produce H 2 and then mixing the CO and H 2 to yield syngas; and (ii) the simultaneous coelectrolysis of CO 2 and H 2 O in a single electrolyzer. The results show that both processes can produce syngas at industrially important rates. In this paper we demonstrate CO 2 electrolysis at 100 mA/cm 2 , i.e., about 20 turnovers/s, and water electrolysis at 8 A/cm 2 at 2.0 V/cell, with about 1,600 turnovers/s. Both systems are stable for a thousand hours or more, i.e., millions of turnovers. We also demonstrate simultaneous CO and H 2 production in a single electrolyzer. These results demonstrate that syngas can be produced at industrially important rates via electrolysis.

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“…On fuels production, CO 2 conversion is focused on the production of methanol, syngas, dimethyl carbonate, and dimethyl ether . Other products include methane and liquid hydrocarbon …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…29 Other products include methane and liquid hydrocarbon. 30 The main challenge with these conversion pathways is that all these processes require H 2 for the conversion process. H 2 production is widely considered as an energyintensive process (through electrolysis, thermolysis, or steam reforming).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process design and techno‐economic analysis of ethyl levulinate production from carbon dioxide and 1,4‐butanediol as an alternative biofuel and fuel additive

et al. 2019

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Summary Carbon dioxide capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is one of the promising negative emission technologies (NET). Within various CCUS routes available, CO2 conversion into fuels is one of the attractive options. Currently, most of CO2 conversion into fuels requires hydrogen, which is expensive and consume large energy to produce. Hence, a different route of producing fuel from CO2 by utilizing 1,4‐butanediol as the raw material is proposed and evaluated in this study. This alternative route comprises production of levulinic acid from the reaction between CO2 and 1,4‐butanediol and production of ethyl levulinate, an alternative biofuel and biofuel additive, via an esterification reaction of levulinic acid with ethanol. The process is designed and simulated according to the available data and evaluated in terms of its technical features. Because of the unavailability of reaction data for synthesis of levulinic acid from 1,4‐butanediol and CO2, several assumptions were taken, which may implicate the accuracy of the studied design. This technical evaluation is followed by cost estimations and sensitivity analysis. Because of the free CO2, the profitability of the plant depends strongly on the prices of the other chemicals and the price difference between 1,4‐butanediol (raw material) and ethyl levulinate (product). Monte Carlo simulation indicates that the proposed plant will always be profitable if the ethyl levulinate is slightly more expensive than the 1,4‐butanediol, highlighting that the process of producing ethyl levulinate from CO2 is economically profitable. Future research should be directed towards a catalytic system that can effectively convert CO2 into levulinic acid, by‐products produced from the two reaction steps, and reduce the excess ethanol used in the second reaction.

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Carbon dioxide utilisation for production of transport fuels: process and economic analysis

Abstract: Utilising CO2 as a feedstock for chemicals and fuels could help mitigate climate change and reduce dependence on fossil fuels.

Cited by 243 publications

References 27 publications

Prospective techno-economic and environmental assessment of carbon capture at a refinery and CO2 utilisation in polyol synthesis

Prospective techno-economic and environmental assessment of carbon capture at a refinery and CO2 utilisation in polyol synthesis

Electrochemical generation of syngas from water and carbon dioxide at industrially important rates

Process design and techno‐economic analysis of ethyl levulinate production from carbon dioxide and 1,4‐butanediol as an alternative biofuel and fuel additive

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