Carbon Dioxide Emissions Research and Sustainable Transportation in the Sports Industry

Abstract

The sports industry is an institution that has large responsibility toward global environmental pollution. Over the past decade sports organizations have initiated a variety of environmentally sustainable practices. In this paper, the role of research in CO2 emissions generated by the sports industry pursuits is highlighted. This report recommends that strategic management approaches and policy development are required to control this dangerous environmental pollutant. Specifically, proactive sustainable innovations and policies that mandate alternative transportation behaviors are suggested. In conclusion, after reviewing the current literature, it is proposed that sports associations should apply specific practices in sports events with focus on spectators’ mobility choices such as sustainable transportation.

Growing Cities and Mass Participant Sport Events: Traveling Behaviors and Carbon Dioxide Emissions

“…Individually, cities with rapid growth in population, infrastructure, and transportation systems are considered "growing cities," and also defined as high-density areas (HDA) [1,2]. According to References [2,3], in an HDA, the population of people living in the urbanized area is relatively high compared to the average number of people that live across other areas in a country or a nation, such as the United States of America [4]. In the literature, there is evidence that residents of HDA in the United States generate the most significant amounts of GHG compared to areas of low density [4].…”

“…According to References [2,3], in an HDA, the population of people living in the urbanized area is relatively high compared to the average number of people that live across other areas in a country or a nation, such as the United States of America [4]. In the literature, there is evidence that residents of HDA in the United States generate the most significant amounts of GHG compared to areas of low density [4]. Specifically, at the urban city level, GHG emissions are associated with environmental pollution and the smog that occurs in large cities [4,5].…”

“…In the literature, there is evidence that residents of HDA in the United States generate the most significant amounts of GHG compared to areas of low density [4]. Specifically, at the urban city level, GHG emissions are associated with environmental pollution and the smog that occurs in large cities [4,5]. Several studies have illustrated that the primary GHG emissions that is significantly associated with the environmental pollution of those cities is the carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) that emitted into the environment by the modes of transportation used by the residents of a city [2][3][4][5][6].…”

“…Specifically, at the urban city level, GHG emissions are associated with environmental pollution and the smog that occurs in large cities [4,5]. Several studies have illustrated that the primary GHG emissions that is significantly associated with the environmental pollution of those cities is the carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) that emitted into the environment by the modes of transportation used by the residents of a city [2][3][4][5][6]. According to the current literature, the mode of transportation responsible for the most substantial quantity of CO 2 emissions are the engine motor vehicles owned by residents for their transportation [3,4].…”

“…Several studies have illustrated that the primary GHG emissions that is significantly associated with the environmental pollution of those cities is the carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) that emitted into the environment by the modes of transportation used by the residents of a city [2][3][4][5][6]. According to the current literature, the mode of transportation responsible for the most substantial quantity of CO 2 emissions are the engine motor vehicles owned by residents for their transportation [3,4]. Taken together, the lack of knowledge regarding the ways that people's traveling behavior can change to a more sustainable and the increasingly high amount of CO 2 C 2019, 5, 49 2 of 10 emissions, it can be suggested that extensive research should be conducted-specifically, research on new, innovative strategies regarding growing cities' transportation systems and on residents' choices regarding the mode of transportation they choose for their mobility.…”