Carbon dioxide emissions from spring ploughing of grassland in Ireland

Willems, Anne B.; Augustenborg, Cara A.; Hepp, Simone; Lanigan, Gary; Hochstrasser, Tamara; Kammann, Claudia; Müller, Christoph

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2011.10.001

Cited by 38 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…3c, 4c . These trends are similar to those reported in previous studies Reicosky and Lindstrom, 1995;Reicosky et al, 1997;Ellert and Janzen, 1999;Gesch et al, 2007;Willems et al, 2011 . The primary flush can be explained by the release of a high concentration of CO 2 from large voids in the soil Reicosky and Lindstrom, 1995;Ellert and Janzen, 1999 and the release of dissolved CO 2 from soil water caused by evaporation of water and exposure of air -water interfaces to atmospheric pressures and concentrations Reicosky and Lindstrom, 1995 as a result of soil inversion.…”

Section: Co 2 Exchange During Grassland Renovation and Regulating Facsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Several studies reported larger CO 2 flux with more immediate measurements after tillage than observed in the present study Table 5; Reicosky et al, 1997;Willems et al, 2011 . Because the flush of CO 2 from the soil occurs along with tillage, it is quite difficult Asterisk indicates statistically significant difference from before renovation *p < 0.05 .…”

Section: Co 2 Exchange During Grassland Renovation and Regulating Faccontrasting

confidence: 54%

“…Removal of vegetation cover by tillage causes increase in soil heat fluxes with the absence of transpiration and plant shade, causing increase in average soil temperature Monteith and Unsworth, 2013 . In contrast, several studies reported that CO 2 emission from renovated grassland is smaller than that from unrenovated grassland Yamulki and Jarvis, 2002;MacDonald et al, 2010;Willems et al, 2011 . Reduction of CO 2 emission in renovated grassland is attributed to the contribution of both heterotrophic and autotrophic respiration.…”

Section: Co 2 Exchange During Grassland Renovation and Regulating Facmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Quincke et al 2007 noted that moldboard plowing, which buries labile organic matter at a depth where microbial activity is decreased due to lower temperature, does not increase cumulative CO 2 loss from the soil. Willems et al 2011 reported that autotrophic respiration contributes to higher CO 2 emission from unplowed grassland than from plowed grassland. According to a meta-analysis by Subke et al 2006 , an average of 33 10 -42 of soil respiration is autotrophic in temperate grasslands.…”

Section: Co 2 Exchange During Grassland Renovation and Regulating Facmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short-term effects of grassland renovation on CO<SUB>2</SUB> exchange of grasslands in a temperate humid region

Matsuura

Nakao

Hojito

2017

J. Agric. Meteorol.

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To investigate the short-term effects of grassland renovation on carbon dioxide CO 2 exchange of intensively managed grasslands in Japan, we conducted CO 2 flux measurements during the renovation process by using the eddy covariance and closed chamber methods in 2007, 2012, and 2013. The flux measurements were conducted at three grassland fi elds: two fi elds used for cutting, one receiving only chemical fertilizer CF and the other receiving composted cattle manure CM annually, and one fi eld used for grazing GM . Chamber measurements revealed fl ushes of CO 2 after plowing 14.45 -23.94 μmol m 2 s 1 and subsequent disk harrowing 7.36 μmol m 2 s 1 , in CF followed by rapid drops of CO 2 flux, which were local and temporary phenomena. The mean CO 2 losses during renovation periods were calculated as 4.52 -4.74, 6.00 -6.81, and 4.57 g C m 2 d 1 in CF, CM, and GM, respectively; CF and CM calculation is based on eddy covariance measurements, including temporal fl ux variations and representing footprint areas. The amount of carbon input during renovation including non-harvested grass biomass stubble and roots and applied manure was estimated as 2.24 -3.50 and 6.17 -8.77 Mg C ha 1 in CF and CM, respectively. Among them, carbon derived from plowed roots and manure is presumably resistant in soil, contributing to long-term soil organic carbon SOC accumulation. Our results also indicate that grassland renovation work does not affect short-term net CO 2 loss signifi cantly, although it affects CO 2 emissions to a certain extent. We can therefore say that net CO 2 loss during renovation is mainly brought by the absence of vegetation in this site. Grasses contribute SOC accumulation through biomass allocation belowground; and it is thus recommended to shorten grassland renovation period, the duration without photosynthesis, to reduce CO 2 loss associated with grassland renovation.

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Section: Co 2 Exchange During Grassland Renovation and Regulating Facsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Co 2 Exchange During Grassland Renovation and Regulating Faccontrasting

confidence: 54%

Section: Co 2 Exchange During Grassland Renovation and Regulating Facmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Co 2 Exchange During Grassland Renovation and Regulating Facmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Short-term effects of grassland renovation on CO<SUB>2</SUB> exchange of grasslands in a temperate humid region

Matsuura

Nakao

Hojito

2017

J. Agric. Meteorol.

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“…A comparison of three management systems: no-till barley forage; conventional till barley forage; and undisturbed perennial grass-alfalfa mixture, also found elevated soil CO 2 fluxes in the conventionally tilled forage plot compared to undisturbed perennial forage for several months after tilling (Jabro et al, 2008). The measurements of Willems et al (2011) at an adjacent site, showed that ploughed areas actually exhibited lower CO 2 emissions than undisturbed areas, apart from a brief emission peak lasting for less than one day after ploughing. This implies that soil disturbance plays a minor role and that biomass is the dominant influence on overall fluxes, thus suggesting that the difference between grass and kale fluxes in our study is primarily due to the difference in crop cover.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of introducing a winter forage rotation on CO2 fluxes at a temperate grassland

Kiely

2012

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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Grassland renovation has important consequences for C and N cycling and losses

Kayser

Müller

Isselstein

2018

Food and Energy Security

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Sward degradation is a serious threat to the functioning of agricultural grassland and the provision of ecosystem services. Renovation measures are frequently applied to restore degraded swards. The success is highly variable, and substantial trade-offs can be related to the process of renovation. This paper starts with a general classification of renovation measures and then investigates the processes that are directly related to renovation and lead to a change in botanical composition and affect soil functions and C and N fluxes. These processes are strongly interrelated and dependent on site, climate, and management condition as well as on the timescale. The more an existing and degraded sward is deliberately disturbed prior to a renovation measure, for example, by ploughing, the stronger will be the change in sward composition, and the stronger will be the potential yield and quality advantage. However, the risk of a release of soil organic C and N emissions to the environment will also increase. These emissions will usually decrease in time, but so will the positive effects on sward composition. This demonstrates that the renovation of swards is normally the second best solution and a proper and well-adapted grassland utilization and management should be adopted to avoid degradation in the first place. K E Y W O R D Scarbon, nitrogen, reseeding, sward improvement, vegetation

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Carbon dioxide emissions from spring ploughing of grassland in Ireland

Cited by 38 publications

References 23 publications

Short-term effects of grassland renovation on CO<SUB>2</SUB> exchange of grasslands in a temperate humid region

Short-term effects of grassland renovation on CO<SUB>2</SUB> exchange of grasslands in a temperate humid region

The effect of introducing a winter forage rotation on CO2 fluxes at a temperate grassland

Grassland renovation has important consequences for C and N cycling and losses

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