Carbon Black Particle Exhibits Size Dependent Toxicity in Human Monocytes

Abstract

Increased levels of particulate air pollution are associated with increased respiratory and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Some epidemiologic and toxicological researches suggest ultrafine particles (<100 nm) to be more harmful per unit mass than larger particles. In the present study, the effect of particle size (nano and micro) of carbon black (CB) particle on viability, phagocytosis, cytokine induction, and DNA damage in human monocytes, THP-1 cells, was analysed. The cells were incubated with nanosize (~50 nm) and micron (~500 nm) size of CB particles in a concentration range of 50–800 µg/mL. The parameters like MTT assay, phagocytosis assay, ELISA, gene expression, and DNA analysis were studied. Exposure to nano- and micron-sized CB particles showed size- and concentration dependent decrease in cell viability and significant increase in proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 as well as chemokine IL-8 release. Gene expression study showed upregulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 gene while cyclooxygenase-2 gene remained unaffected. Nano CB particles altered the phagocytic capacity of monocytes although micron CB had no significant effect. CB particles did not show any significant effect on DNA of monocytes. The investigations indicate that CB particles in nanosize exhibit higher propensity of inducing cytotoxicity, inflammation, and altered phagocytosis in human monocytes than their micron size.

Carbon nanoparticle induced cytotoxicity in human mesenchymal stem cells through upregulation of TNF3, NFKBIA and BCL2L1 genes

“…Additionally, our cell viability results suggest that CNPs significantly reduce cell viability in hMSCs in a dose-and timedependent manner. Our results are consistent with previous studies, which have demonstrated that nanoparticles (carbon black, gold, silver, silica, iron oxide) exhibit dose-, time-and sizedependent cytotoxicity in various cell lines (Coradeghini et al, 2013;Gliga et al, 2014;Yang et al, 2015;Napierska et al, 2009;Kim et al, 2012;Sahu et al, 2014;Cao et al, 2014).…”

Drug Delivery Nanoparticles: Toxicity Comparison in Retinal Pigment Epithelium and Retinal Vascular Endothelial Cells

“…Sahu and coworkers demonstrated size-dependent cytotoxicity, showing that carbon black NPs with a diameter of approximately 50 nm can exhibit higher cytotoxicity and inflammation in human monocytes, in comparison to particles of 500 nm. 24 In our study, the hydrodynamic diameter of PEG-PLGA was 50 nm. In contrast to the study by Sahu et al, the toxicity of these NPs was insignificant and comparable to control treatemtn even after 6 days of exposure.…”

Effects of air pollution on human health and practical measures for prevention in Iran

“…Particle pollution which is more known as PM is linked with most of pulmonary and cardiac-associated morbidity and mortality. [3334] They have varied in size ranging mostly from 2.5 to 10 μm (PM 2.5 to PM 10 ).…”