Effects of air pollution on human health and practical measures for prevention in Iran

Ghorani‐Azam, Adel; Riahi-Zanjani, Bamdad; Balali‐Mood, Mahdi

doi:10.4103/1735-1995.189646

Cited by 376 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…These concerns have been in part attributed to environmental stressors [39] resulting from inadequate environmental regulation and policy [120]. In particular, air pollution is of extreme concern in Global South cities [121], and studies found that it is linked to cardiovascular and respiratory-related mortality [122], poor maternal outcomes [123], cancer rates and immune system dysfunctions [124]. Increasing the proximity and quantity of green spaces, particularly in low-SES neighborhoods where current green space provision is low, can mitigate these effects by filtering polluted air and improve residents' health [125].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Access to Urban Green Space in Cities of the Global South: A Systematic Literature Review

et al. 2018

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This review examines disparities in access to urban green space (UGS) based on socioeconomic status (SES) and race-ethnicity in Global South cities. It was motivated by documented human health and ecosystem services benefits of UGS in Global South countries and UGS planning barriers in rapidly urbanizing cities. Additionally, another review of Global North UGS studies uncovered that high-SES and White people have access to a higher quantity of higher quality UGSs than low-SES and racial-ethnic minority people but that no clear differences exist regarding who lives closer to UGS. Thus, we conducted a systematic review to uncover (1) whether UGS inequities in Global North cities are evident in Global South cities and (2) whether inequities in the Global South vary between continents. Through the PRISMA approach and five inclusion criteria, we identified 46 peer-reviewed articles that measured SES or racial-ethnic disparities in access to UGS in Global South cities. We found inequities for UGS quantity (high-SES people are advantaged in 85% of cases) and UGS proximity (74% of cases). Inequities were less consistent for UGS quality (65% of cases). We also found that UGS inequities were consistent across African, Asian, and Latin American cities. These findings suggest that Global South cities experience similar inequities in UGS quantity and quality as Global North cities, but that the former also face inequities in UGS proximity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Access to Urban Green Space in Cities of the Global South: A Systematic Literature Review

et al. 2018

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“…Environmental factors, primarily, air pollution, are commonly recognized as the sources of the most serious toxicological impacts on human health, including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, neuropsychiatric complications, and cancer [116,117]. In the Russian Arctic, previous studies identified such emissions as sulfate aerosols from metal smelting [118] and flaring associated with oil and gas extraction [119] but found no evidence of direct health implications from air pollutant emissions [2,120].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capturing a Complexity of Nutritional, Environmental, and Economic Impacts on Selected Health Parameters in the Russian High North

Tianming

Erokhin

2020

Sustainability

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The rapid pace of economic exploration of the Arctic against the backdrop of progressing environmental change put a high priority on improving understanding of health impacts in the northern communities. Deficiencies in the capability to capture the complexity of health-influencing parameters along with a lack of observations in circumpolar territories present major challenges to establishing credible projections of disease incidence across varying northern environments. It is thus crucial to reveal the relative contributions of coacting factors to provide a basis for sustainable solutions in the sphere of public health. In order to better understand the adverse effects associated with public health, this study employed six-stage multiple regression analysis of incidence rates of fourteen diseases (International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) codes most widespread in the Russian Arctic) against a set of environmental, nutritional, and economic variables. Variance inflationary factor and best-subsets regression methods were used to eliminate collinearity between the parameters of regression models. To address the diversity of health impacts across northern environments, territories of the Arctic zone of Russia were categorized as (1) industrial sites, (2) urban agglomerations, (3) rural inland, and (4) coastline territories. It was suggested that, in Type 1 territories, public health parameters were most negatively affected by air and water pollution, in Type 2 territories—by low-nutrient diets, in Type 3 and Type 4 territories—by economic factors. It was found that in the Western parts of the Russian Arctic, poor quality of running water along with low access to the quality-assured sources of water might increase the exposure to infectious and parasitic diseases and diseases of the circulatory, respiratory, and genitourinary systems. Low living standards across the Russian Arctic challenged the economic accessibility of adequate diets. In the cities, the nutritional transition to low-quality cheap market food correlated with a higher incidence of digestive system disorders, immune diseases, and neoplasms. In indigenous communities, the prevalence of low diversified diets based on traditional food correlated with the increase in the incidence rates of nutritional and metabolic diseases.

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“…Air pollution is a major environmental risk factor for morbidity in Iran including diseases such as asthma, lung cancer, ventricular hypertrophy, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, autism, and retinopathy (Ghorani-Azam et al 2016). Higher air pollution days resulted in more hospital admissions in Tehran (Khalilzadeh et al 2009), and high PM 2.5 days lead to increased admissions to the emergency department, particularly for respiratory problems in Tehran (Shadi et al 2014).…”

Section: Morbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Pollution in Tehran

Heger¹,

Sarraf²

2018

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This volume is a product of the staff of the World Bank Group. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of World Bank Group or the governments they represent. The World Bank Group does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of World Bank Group concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. World Bank Group encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly.

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Effects of air pollution on human health and practical measures for prevention in Iran

Cited by 376 publications

References 124 publications

Access to Urban Green Space in Cities of the Global South: A Systematic Literature Review

Access to Urban Green Space in Cities of the Global South: A Systematic Literature Review

Capturing a Complexity of Nutritional, Environmental, and Economic Impacts on Selected Health Parameters in the Russian High North

Air Pollution in Tehran

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