Carbon black intercalation compound as catalyst for unprecedent phase-transfer-catalyzed nucleophilic substitution (SN2) in water

State Of The Art Of Supported Phase Transfer‐Catalysts Onium Salt‐Based

“…The application of carbon materials as heterogeneous PTC catalysts, represents an innovative and unique approach, based on the recently published research. [64,65] Although oxidized carbon materials as graphite oxide (GO), graphene oxide (eGO), oxidized carbon black (oCB), etc., have been used as catalysts for many important organic reactions, such as oxidation reactions, [66][67][68][69] Friedel-Crafts reactions, [70] aza-Michael additions, [71] Mukaiyama-Michael additions, [72,73] polymerizations, [74] crosslinking reactions, [75] and epoxide ringopening, [76,77] no ability as PTC catalysts was reported until the last year.…”

“…Rather than relying on physical sorption, a different approach using carbon materials not as promoters, but as heterogeneous PTC catalysts, was recently reported involving ammonium quaternary salts to functionalize carbon materials, such as oxidized carbon black . [64] In this study was reported the ability of an ordered intercalated compound obtained from highly disordered oxidized carbon black to act as a PTC catalyst in a nucleophilic substitution reaction performed both in a biphasic (liquidliquid) system and, most interestingly, in water.…”

“…The application of carbon materials as heterogeneous PTC catalysts, represents an innovative and unique approach, based on the recently published research [64,65] …”

Sustainable functionalization of carbon black via dry ball milling

“…21 The ionic nature of the functionalized oCB provided by cation exchange was further confirmed by using oCB/2HT as an efficient phase transfer catalyst in an S N 2 type reaction. 22 Recyclability and catalytic efficiency suggest that cation exchange is reversible in a suitable environment. Additionally, this functionalization changes the properties of the new filler, increasing the dispersibility of the powder in different polymer matrices.…”

Selenonium Salt as a Catalyst for Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions in Water: Synthesis of Thiocyanites and Selenocyanates

“…Not surprisingly, the search for methods to prepare these valuable compounds has attracted much attention. They can be prepared, for instance, with the aid of phase transfer catalysts [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ], in free radical reactions [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ], by electrophilic addition to suitable organic substrates [ 36 , 37 ], or in reactions employing ionic liquids as a solvent and the nucleophilic source of chalcogen cyanide [ 38 ]. In this contribution, we share our findings on the use of selenonium salts to activate substrates such as benzyl bromides through chalcogen bond interactions, facilitating the displacement reaction with KChCN (Ch = S or Se) using a 20:1 mixture of water and dimethyl carbonate as a solvent.…”