Carbon-Based Nanomaterials from Biopolymer Lignin via Catalytic Thermal Treatment at 700 to 1000 °C

Zhang, Xuefeng; Yan, Qiangu; Li, Jinghao; Chu, I-Wei; Toghiani, Hossein; Cai, Zhiyong; Zhang, Jilei

doi:10.3390/polym10020183

Cited by 29 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Lignin, as a component in the cell walls of plants, is used to strengthen their structure, and it is the most abundant aromatic biopolymer on Earth [1]. There are several different types of lignin raw materials produced by different methods, which exhibit distinct properties for niche applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Conversion of Lignin Waste to High Value Bio-Graphene Oxide Nanomaterials

Yan²,

Zhang

et al. 2019

Polymers

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Lignin graphene oxide was oxidized after Kraft lignin was graphitized by thermal catalytic conversion. The reduced lignin graphene oxide was derived from lignin graphene oxide through thermal reduction treatment. These Kraft lignin, lignin graphite, lignin graphene oxide, and reduced lignin graphene oxide were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, raman microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed lignin graphite converted from Kraft lignin had fewer layers with smaller lateral size than natural graphite. Moreover, lignin graphene oxide was successfully produced from lignin graphite by an oxidation reaction with an hour-long reaction time, which has remarkably shorter reaction time than that of graphene oxide made from natural graphite. Meanwhile, this lignin-derived graphene oxide had the same XRD, FTIR and Raman peaks as graphene oxide oxidized from natural graphite. The SEM, TEM, and AFM images showed that this lignin graphene oxide with 1–3 average layers has a smaller lateral size than that of graphene oxide made from natural graphite. Moreover, the lignin graphene oxide can be reduced to reduced lignin graphene oxide to fabricate graphene-based aerogel, wire, and film for some potential applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Conversion of Lignin Waste to High Value Bio-Graphene Oxide Nanomaterials

Yan²,

Zhang

et al. 2019

Polymers

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“…Lignin is the most abundant aromatic biopolymer on Earth and is available in large quantities from wood-pulping and bio-ethanol industries [3,4,5]. Extensive efforts have been made to convert lignin to polyurethane compounds because lignin contains a large amount of aliphatic and aromatic hydroxyl groups [6,7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Surface Functionalization of Lignin on Synthesis and Properties of Rigid Bio-Based Polyurethanes Foams

et al. 2018

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Abstract:We report the preparation of lignin-based rigid polyurethane (RPU) foams from surface functionalized kraft lignin via a simple and environmentally benign process. Lignin was functionalized with polyisocyanate at 80 • C for 1 h, the resulting lignin-polyisocyanate prepolymer was confirmed by increased viscosity and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The RPU foams containing up to 30% surface functionalized lignin as a substitute for petroleum-based polyols exhibited comparable thermal and mechanical properties to conventional RPU foams. The lignin-based RPU foams prepared from surface functionalization outperformed RPU foams without the surface functionalization, showing up to 47% and 45% higher specific compressive strength and modulus, respectively, with a 40% lignin substitution ratio. Thermal insulation and temperature-stability of the two types of the foams were comparable. The results indicate that the surface functionalization of lignin increases reactivity and homogeneity of the lignin as a building block in RPU foams. The life cycle assessment for the lignin-based RPU foams shows that the surface functionalization process would have overall lesser environmental impacts when compared with the traditional manufacturing of RPU foams with synthetic polyols. These findings suggest the potential use of surface functionalized lignin as a sustainable core material replacement for synthetic polyols in building materials.

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“…Lignin, the second most abundant biopolymer on Earth, is available in large quantities from wood-pulping industries [23,24]. The commercially available lignins from wood-pulping include kraft lignin and lignosulfonates have been insensitively studied for the preparation of activated carbon, carbon-based nanomaterials, resins, and polymers [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrospun Enzymatic Hydrolysis Lignin-Based Carbon Nanofibers as Binder-Free Supercapacitor Electrodes with High Performance

et al. 2018

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Carbon nanofibers consisting of Poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) and enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL) were prepared in the present study by electrospinning followed by stabilization in air and carbonization in N2 environment. The morphology and structure of the electrospun carbon nanofibers were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Roman, and the electrochemical performances were then evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)methods. When the amount of EHL was 60 wt. %, the as-prepared nanofibers have the smallest average diameter of 172 nm and the largest BET specific surface area of 675 m2/g without activating treatment. The carbon nanofiber electrode showed excellent specific capacitance of 216.8 F/g at the current density of 1 A/g, maintaining 88.8% capacitance retention after 2000 cycles. Moreover, the carbon nanofiber electrode containing 60 wt. % exhibited a smaller time constant (0.5 s) in comparison to that of carbon nanofibers in literatures. These findings suggest the potential use of EHL could be a practical as a sustainable alternative for PAN in carbon electrode manufacturing.

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Carbon-Based Nanomaterials from Biopolymer Lignin via Catalytic Thermal Treatment at 700 to 1000 °C

Cited by 29 publications

References 28 publications

Efficient Conversion of Lignin Waste to High Value Bio-Graphene Oxide Nanomaterials

Efficient Conversion of Lignin Waste to High Value Bio-Graphene Oxide Nanomaterials

Effects of Surface Functionalization of Lignin on Synthesis and Properties of Rigid Bio-Based Polyurethanes Foams

Electrospun Enzymatic Hydrolysis Lignin-Based Carbon Nanofibers as Binder-Free Supercapacitor Electrodes with High Performance

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