Carbon‐Based Metal‐Free Catalysts for Electrocatalysis beyond the ORR

Hu, Chuangang; Dai, Liming

doi:10.1002/anie.201509982

Cited by 634 publications

(407 citation statements)

References 210 publications

(305 reference statements)

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“…[64][65][66][67][68][69][70] Rational design of carbon materials with multicomponent active centers can in principle lead to multifunctional catalysts for the ORR/OER. Typically, metal-free heteroatom (e.g., N)-doped carbon (C-N) and N-and transition metal-"co-doped" carbon (M-N-C, M = Fe or/and Co) are widely investigated.…”

Section: Carbon Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Efficient Bifunctional Oxygen Reduction/Evolution Electrocatalyst: Recent Advances and Perspectives

Huang

Wang

Peng

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

672

448

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Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are the two most important reactions in rechargeable metal‐air battery, a promising technology to meet the energy requirements for various applications. The development of low‐cost, highly efficient and stable bifunctional ORR/OER catalysts is critical for a large‐scale application of this technology. In this review, the authors first introduce the fundamentals of bifunctional ORR/OER electrocatalysis in alkaline electrolyte. Various types of nanostructured materials as bifunctional ORR/OER catalysts including metal oxide, hydroxide and sulfide, functional carbon material, metal, and their composites are then reviewed. The crucial factors that can be used to tune the activity of the catalyst towards ORR/OER are summarized, including (1) phase, morphology, crystal facet, defect, mixed‐metal and strain engineering for metal oxide; (2) heteroatom doping, topological defects, and formation of metal‐N‐C structure for carbon material; (3) alloy effect for metal. These experiences lay the foundation for large scale application of metal‐air battery and can also effectively guide the rational design of catalysts for other electrocatalytic reactions.

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Section: Carbon Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Efficient Bifunctional Oxygen Reduction/Evolution Electrocatalyst: Recent Advances and Perspectives

Huang

Wang

Peng

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

672

448

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“…Subsequently, Zheng et al prepared C 3 N 4 @N-doped graphene as a metal-free electrocatalyst for sustainable and efficient H 2 production under acidic and alkaline conditions [132]. Thereafter, various heteroatomdoped carbon materials have been exploited as metal-free, active and stable OER and/or HER catalysts, as briefly described in previous reviews [4,11].…”

Section: Carbon-based Metal-free Oer/her Bifunctional Catalysts For Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because ORR, OER, and HER have been reviewed in several previously published articles [4,[10][11][12], the focus in this review will be on recent advances and new reactions (e.g., CO 2 RR, multifunctional electrocatalysis). A critical overview of efficient methods for developing carbon-based metal-free catalysts for various energy conversion/storage and environmental protection devices, including ORR in fuel cells [13][14][15][16][17], ORR and OER in metal-air batteries [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28], OER and HER in water-splitting units [29][30][31], I − /I 3− reduction in dye-sensitized solar cells [32][33][34][35], and CO 2 RR in Li-CO 2 batteries [36][37][38][39][40][41][42] will then be provided.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon-Based Metal-Free Electrocatalysis for Energy Conversion, Energy Storage, and Environmental Protection

Xiao

Zou

et al. 2018

Electrochem. Energ. Rev.

Self Cite

163

103

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Carbon-based metal-free catalysts possess desirable properties such as high earth abundance, low cost, high electrical conductivity, structural tunability, good selectivity, strong stability in acidic/alkaline conditions, and environmental friendliness. Because of these properties, these catalysts have recently received increasing attention in energy and environmental applications. Subsequently, various carbon-based electrocatalysts have been developed to replace noble metal catalysts for low-cost renewable generation and storage of clean energy and environmental protection through metal-free electrocatalysis. This article provides an up-to-date review of this rapidly developing field by critically assessing recent advances in the mechanistic understanding, structure design, and material/device fabrication of metal-free carbon-based electrocatalysts for clean energy conversion/storage and environmental protection, along with discussions on current challenges and perspectives. Graphical AbstractKeywords Metal-free electrocatalysis · Carbon-based catalysts · Energy conversion and storage · Environmental protection

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“…4,5,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Considerable research efforts have been devoted to making carbon-based materials as a new class of electrocatalysts for fundamental electrochemical reactions (ORR, OER and HER) by heteroatom-doping engineering (e.g. N, B, P and S), and several excellent reviews relevant to this topic are available.…”

Section: Yi Jiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Defect electrocatalytic mechanism: concept, topological structure and perspective

Jia

Chen

Yao

2018

Mater. Chem. Front.

125

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Carbon-based materials have been attracting intense interest for electrocatalysis due to their various merits, such as abundance, low cost, high conductivity and tunable molecular structures. However, to date, the electrochemical activities of these electrocatalysts are mainly attributed to different active dopants (e.g. N, B, P or S), leading to a common concept that heteroatom doping is essential for carbon-based electrocatalysts. Recently, we presented a new concept where the specific topological defects could activate the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and developed a facile method to create such unique defects. Subsequent research has extended this new mechanism to other reactions, such as the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER) and confirmed that heteroatom doping is not essential but that these defects can serve as actives sites for electrochemical reactions. This new theory then creates a new research direction in electrocatalysis. In this short review, we summarise the origin and presentation of the defect mechanism concept, the possible topological defect structures that are effective for electrochemical reactions, the formation of desirable defects, the challenges in the synthesis and characterization of typical defects and future research directions on the electrochemical defect mechanism. Carbon-based materials have been attracting intense interest for electrocatalysis due to their various merits, such as abundance, low cost, high conductivity and tunable molecular structures. However, to date, the electrochemical activities of these electrocatalysts are mainly attributed to different active dopants (e.g. N, B, P or S), leading to a common concept that heteroatom doping is essential for carbon-based electrocatalysts. Recently, we presented a new concept where the specific topological defects could activate the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and developed a facile method to create such unique defects. Subsequent research has extended this new mechanism to other reactions, such as the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER) and confirmed that heteroatom doping is not essential but that these defects can serve as actives sites for electrochemical reactions. This new theory then creates a new research direction in electrocatalysis. In this short review, we summarise the origin and presentation of the defect mechanism concept, the possible topological defect structures that are effective for electrochemical reactions, the formation of desirable defects, the challenges in the synthesis and characterization of typical defects and future research directions on the electrochemical defect mechanism.

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Carbon‐Based Metal‐Free Catalysts for Electrocatalysis beyond the ORR

Cited by 634 publications

References 210 publications

Design of Efficient Bifunctional Oxygen Reduction/Evolution Electrocatalyst: Recent Advances and Perspectives

Design of Efficient Bifunctional Oxygen Reduction/Evolution Electrocatalyst: Recent Advances and Perspectives

Carbon-Based Metal-Free Electrocatalysis for Energy Conversion, Energy Storage, and Environmental Protection

Defect electrocatalytic mechanism: concept, topological structure and perspective

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