Carbon-Based CsPbBr₃ Perovskite Solar Cells: All-Ambient Processes and High Thermal Stability

Abstract

The device instability has been an important issue for hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). This work intends to address this issue by exploiting inorganic perovskite (CsPbBr) as light absorber, accompanied by replacing organic hole transport materials (HTM) and the metal electrode with a carbon electrode. All the fabrication processes (including those for CsPbBr and the carbon electrode) in the PSCs are conducted in ambient atmosphere. Through a systematical optimization on the fabrication processes of CsPbBr film, carbon-based PSCs (C-PSCs) obtained the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of about 5.0%, a relatively high value for inorganic perovskite-based PSCs. More importantly, after storage for 250 h at 80 °C, only 11.7% loss in PCE is observed for CsPbBr C-PSCs, significantly lower than that for popular CHNHPbI C-PSCs (59.0%) and other reported PSCs, which indicated a promising thermal stability of CsPbBr C-PSCs.

Fully‐Inorganic Trihalide Perovskite Nanocrystals: A New Research Frontier of Optoelectronic Materials

“…[45] Luther's group found that the device based on the as-obtained α-CsPbI 3 QDs film exhibited operational stability and tolerance to higher relative humidity levels (Figure 12). [149,150] Although the PCEs of these novel solar cells are not quite as high (the reported values are 5.0% and 6.7% in the case of CsPbBr 3 solution-processed film as light absorber layer, respectively, by the aforementioned two groups), they found that the entire fabrication process of cell architecture can be conducted in ambient environment without humidity control (e.g., a glovebox). [45] All-inorganic perovskite solar cells using carbon paste as both hole-transporter and cathode have independently reported by Chen et al and Jin's group at almost the same time.…”

“…[45] All-inorganic perovskite solar cells using carbon paste as both hole-transporter and cathode have independently reported by Chen et al and Jin's group at almost the same time. [149,150] Hence, these exciting results make practical application of all-inorganic perovskite photovoltaic devices a real possibility after further improving the overall performances. In particular, they also found that as-fabricated devices without encapsulation exhibited remarkable stability even under harsh conditions such as high-humidity conditions (e.g., 90−95% relative humidity) and extreme temperatures (e.g., 100 or −22 °C) (see Figure 12).…”

“…[43] Several groups currently showed that adding cesium to their recipe seems to further stabilize the other components, and helps the mixture retain its perovskite structure with less phase impurities and improves the power conversion efficiency (PCE). [44,45,149,150,165,166] Consequently, with the aim to increase stability and efficiency, several groups have explored all-inorganic perovskite photovoltaics, including planar and hole-conductor-free devices. [161][162][163][164] Another promising way is to find all-inorganic perovskite materials with remarkable stability, because the instability of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites mainly results from the decomposition of labile organic components.…”

“…[161][162][163] Therefore, the mixing of the organic cation with inorganic ones is an important strategy to achieve high performance perovskite solar cells in terms of efficiency and thermal and structural stability. [44,45,[149][150][151][152][165][166][167] For example, Snaith's group presented an inorganic perovskite CsPbI 3 -based solar cell for the first time. [44,45,149,150,165,166] Consequently, with the aim to increase stability and efficiency, several groups have explored all-inorganic perovskite photovoltaics, including planar and hole-conductor-free devices.…”

A Strategy to Design High‐Density Nanoscale Devices utilizing Vapor Deposition of Metal Halide Perovskite Materials

“…[44] In a cross-point array, this should be solved. Cesium-hybridized solar cells and all-inorganic CsPbBr 3 -based resistive switching memory devices fabricated using solution process have been reported, [50,51] and recently, a vacuum codeposition method [52] was introduced to fabricate efficient Cs-based inorganic perovskite solar cells. [46] Moreover, various selector materials have been developed, [47][48][49] so in the future selector devices may be integrated with the perovskite memory devices.…”