Carbon and hydrogen isotope analysis of parathion for characterizing its natural attenuation by hydrolysis at a contaminated site

Wu, Langping; Verma, Dipti; Bondgaard, Morten; Melvej, Anja; Vogt, Carsten; Subudhi, Sanjukta; Richnow, Hans H.

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2018.06.039

Cited by 25 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In particular, PNP and TCPY were the dominant OPs (accounting for 43–72% of the total pesticide concentrations), especially in India (72%), China (69%), and Greece (66%), suggesting extensive use of parathion, methyl parathion, and chlorpyrifos in these countries. The use of parathion and methyl parathion is banned in several countries due to their high mammalian toxicity (Hoppin et al, 2017; Wu et al, 2018). The proportion of IMPY in total pesticide concentrations in urine from Japan, Korea, and Saudi Arabia (10–20%) was 3–18 times higher than those in the other countries, suggesting high exposure to diazinon, which is commonly used in indoor pest control (EPA, 2006).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This profile suggests that the populations in the eight countries are predominantly exposed to chlorpyrifos and parathion. Chlorpyrifos is the topmost OP (5–8 million pounds of active ingredient) used in the USA in 2012, whereas parathion is frequently used on fruits, vegetables, and nut crops (Yan et al, 2015; Wu et al, 2018). Diazinon, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, and permethrin are the second most abundant group of compounds with their metabolites found in urine from the eight countries studied.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Urinary concentrations and profiles of organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticide metabolites and phenoxyacid herbicides in populations in eight countries

Li¹,

Kannan²

2018

Environment International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Concentrations of nine metabolites of organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides, as well as two phenoxy herbicides, were determined in 322 urine samples collected from eight countries during 2006–2014 by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The target pesticides were found ubiquitously, indicating widespread exposure of humans to pesticides in these countries. The highest sum concentrations of 11 pesticides were found in urine collected from Vietnam (median, 28.9 ng/mL), followed in decreasing order by samples from India (14.2 ng/mL), China (13.6 ng/mL), Korea (12.5 ng/mL), Greece (12.3 ng/mL), Saudi Arabia (11.3 ng/mL), the USA (7.9 ng/mL), and Japan (7.1 ng/mL). Organophosphorus compounds accounted for 62–77% of the total urinary pesticide concentrations. Para-nitrophenol (metabolite of parathion and methyl parathion) and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (metabolite of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl) were the major metabolites, especially in India (72%), China (69%), and Greece (66%). Differences in urinary pesticide concentrations between genders (male vs. female), age groups (categorized as ≤20, 21–49, and ≥50 years), and cities (Guangzhou, Shanghai, and Qiqihar) were examined. On the basis of the concentrations measured in urine, total daily intakes (DIs) of pesticides were estimated. The DIs of chlorpyrifos were found to be higher for populations in Vietnam, Greece, India, China, and Korea (≥9.6 μg/day) than those estimated for the other countries (<5 μg/day). The DIs of parathion (≥9.6 μg/day) in populations of China, India, and Korea were higher than those estimated for the other countries (5.7–9.3 μg/day). This is the first study to establish baseline levels of exposure of a variety of pesticides in several Asian countries.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary concentrations and profiles of organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticide metabolites and phenoxyacid herbicides in populations in eight countries

Li¹,

Kannan²

2018

Environment International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The combined interpretation of solute concentrations and isotope ratios in sediment profiles and groundwater samples is a common approach to unravel natural transformations of nutrients and organic compounds, most prominently organic pollutants. − The interpretation relies on the phenomenon that kinetic isotope effects typically favor the transformation of molecules with light isotopes so that molecules with heavy isotopes become enriched in the remaining substrate. , Hence, an increase of isotope ratios, such as of 13 C/ 12 C or 15 N/ 14 N, along a transport path in groundwater or sediments can provide direct evidence of the natural transformation of a compound. This has been applied in the analysis of sulfate, , nitrate, and methane, among others, along with redox gradients and organic pollutants (e.g., BTEX, chlorinated ethenes, pesticides, and herbicides) − at contaminated sites. Conversely, the absence of isotope fractionation, despite a concentration decrease, is commonly interpreted as evidence of the absence of reactive turnover.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass-Transfer-Limited Biodegradation at Low Concentrations—Evidence from Reactive Transport Modeling of Isotope Profiles in a Bench-Scale Aquifer

Sun

Mellage

Gharasoo

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Organic contaminant degradation by suspended bacteria in chemostats has shown that isotope fractionation decreases dramatically when pollutant concentrations fall below the (half-saturation) Monod constant. This masked isotope fractionation implies that membrane transfer is slow relative to the enzyme turnover at μg L −1 substrate levels. Analogous evidence of mass transfer as a bottleneck for biodegradation in aquifer settings, where microbes are attached to the sediment, is lacking. A quasi-two-dimensional flow-through sediment microcosm/tank system enabled us to study the aerobic degradation of 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM), while collecting sufficient samples at the outlet for compound-specific isotope analysis. By feeding an anoxic BAM solution through the center inlet port and dissolved oxygen (DO) above and below, strong transverse concentration cross-gradients of BAM and DO yielded zones of low (μg L −1 ) steady-state concentrations. We were able to simulate the profiles of concentrations and isotope ratios of the contaminant plume using a reactive transport model that accounted for a mass-transfer limitation into bacterial cells, where apparent isotope enrichment factors *ε decreased strongly below concentrations around 600 μg/L BAM. For the biodegradation of organic micropollutants, mass transfer into the cell emerges as a bottleneck, specifically at low (μg L −1 ) concentrations. Neglecting this effect when interpreting isotope ratios at field sites may lead to a significant underestimation of biodegradation.

show abstract

“…Compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) has been used to assess the overall environmental behaviors of pollutant chemicals during remediation across different environments. − The degradation process leads mostly to an increase in isotope ratios (e.g., 13 C/ 12 C and 15 N/ 14 N) of pesticides. This phenomenon is observed not only in organophosphorus chemicals with a short half-life (a few days), such as dichlorvos, omethoate, dimethoate, and parathion, − but also in moderately degradable compounds with the half-life ranging from weeks to months, such as anilide, pyrethroids, , atrazine, and chloroacetanilide. , Overall, CSIA has revealed that degradation processes involving microorganisms trigger significant isotope changes in pesticide compounds. In contrast, nonbiological degradation (e.g., abiotic processes such as photolysis and hydrolysis) leads to slight or negligible isotope changes (e.g., lambda-cyhalothrin, chloroacetanilide, pyrethroids, and etoxazole).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis Provides Direct Evidence for Identifying the Source of Residual Pesticides Diazinon and Procymidone in the Soil–Plant System

Yun,

Kim,

Shin

2024

J. Agric. Food Chem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Compound-specific isotope analysis stands as a promising tool for unveiling the behavior of pesticides in agricultural environments. Using the commercial formulations of persistent fungicide procymidone (PRO) and less persistent insecticide diazinon (DIA), respectively, we analyzed the concentration and carbon isotope composition (δ 13 C) of the residual pesticides through soil incubation experiments in a greenhouse (for 150 days) and lab conditions (for 50−70 days). Our results showed that the magnitude of δ 13 C variation depends on pesticide specificity, in which PRO in the soil exhibited little variation in δ 13 C values over the entire incubation times, while DIA demonstrated an increased δ 13 C value, with the extent of δ 13 C variability affected by different spiking concentrations, plant presence, and light conditions. Moreover, the pesticides extracted from soils were isotopically overlapped with those from crop lettuce. Ultimately, the isotope composition of pesticides could infer the degradation and translocation processes and might contribute to identifying the source(s) of pesticide formulation in agricultural fields.

show abstract

Carbon and hydrogen isotope analysis of parathion for characterizing its natural attenuation by hydrolysis at a contaminated site

Cited by 25 publications

References 30 publications

Urinary concentrations and profiles of organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticide metabolites and phenoxyacid herbicides in populations in eight countries

Urinary concentrations and profiles of organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticide metabolites and phenoxyacid herbicides in populations in eight countries

Mass-Transfer-Limited Biodegradation at Low Concentrations—Evidence from Reactive Transport Modeling of Isotope Profiles in a Bench-Scale Aquifer

Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis Provides Direct Evidence for Identifying the Source of Residual Pesticides Diazinon and Procymidone in the Soil–Plant System

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About