Carbohydrates, Proteins, Cell Surfaces, and the Biochemistry of Pathogenesis

Albersheim, Peter; Anderson-Prouty, Anne J.

doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.26.060175.000335

Cited by 242 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…In order to respond appropriately, a plant must recognize a particular microorganism as a potential pathogen or symbiont. It has been suggested that the carbohydrate-binding plant proteins known as lectins might function in the recognition of microbial pathogens and symbionts by binding to characteristic carbohydrate receptors on the microbial cell surfaces (1,3). Several recent studies have indicated that microorganism recognition mechanisms based on lectin (or agglutinin) binding may indeed be operative in a variety of plant species (3,7,8,11,12,(15)(16)(17)20).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Lectins in Plant-Microorganism Interactions

Bhuvaneswari

Bauer²

1978

Plant Physiol.

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The influence of rhizosphere/rhizoplane culture conditions on the ability of various rhizobia to bind soybean seed lectin (SBL) was examined. shown to depend greatly on the growth phase of the bacteria in artificial culture media (2). It appeared that the SBL receptors on R. japonicum were transient, rather than constitutive, components of the cell surface, and that the appearance of these receptors might be critically dependent on the growth environment of the bacteria. We suggested that those strains of R. japonicum which gave no evidence of lectin binding at any stage of growth in artificial media might develop SBL receptors under in vivo culture conditions. A study of the influence of root exudate and rhizoplane culture conditions on the development of SBL receptors by various strains of rhizobia is reported here. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe ability of plants to respond to the presence of pathogenic or symbiotic microorganisms is an important aspect of their physiology. In order to respond appropriately, a plant must recognize a particular microorganism as a potential pathogen or

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Lectins in Plant-Microorganism Interactions

Bhuvaneswari

Bauer²

1978

Plant Physiol.

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“…Which of these carbohydrates are on the surface of germ tubes or other infection structures of pathogenic fungi is of special interest since these structures contact the host and might influence the host-parasite interaction (Mirelman et al 1975;Albersheim and Anderson-Prouty 1975).…”

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confidence: 99%

Quantitative estimation of the surface carbohydrates on the infection structures of rust fungi with enzymes and lectins

1985

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Abstract. Lectins of Triticum vulgaris (WGA), Concanavalia ensiformis (ConA), Phaseolus vulgaris (PHA), Lotus tetragonolobus (LTA), Araehis hypogaea (PNA), Ricinus communis (RCA I), Griffonia simplicifolia (GSA II) and the enzymes endo-(l--+3)-/~-D-glucanase, exo-(l~3)-/%D-glucanase and laminarinase were tested for binding to the infection structures of Puccinia coronata and Uromyces appendiculatus. The enzymes and lectins were labeled with fluorescein, and the fluorescence was measured with a microscope photometer. GSA II and ConA bound to all parts of the two rust fungi to a certain extent. The germ tubes of P. coronata bound at least two times more WGA than did the germ tubes of U. appendicutatus. The appressoria of both rust fungi additionally bound exo-(l~ 3)-/~-glucanase, endo-(1-~ 3)-fi-glucanase and laminarinase. The substomatal vesicle and the infection hypha of both rust fungi mainly bound the glucanases. Furthermore, the substomatal vesicle of U. appendiculatus bound PHA. No obvious binding with LTA, RCA I and PNA was observed. Binding generally could be inhibited by appropriate haptens. Binding to uredospores generally appeared unspecific. The results indicate that the germ tubes have chitin on their outer surfaces, the appressoria chitin and glucans and the substomatal vesicles and infection hyphae mainly glucans. Compared to P. coronata, U. appendiculatus has more terminal linked glucose residues or the glucan has more (l--*6)-~-linkages. Also, U. appendiculatus has N-acetylgalactosamine or a similar sugar on the surface of the substomatal vesicle.

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“…Special attention has been paid to this modification of the cell surface for it involves glycoproteins, a class of components often mediating cell to cell interactions (5). Availability of plants with higher or lower than normal amounts of cell wall hydroxyproline allowed us to ascertain that the enrichment of diseased plants in HRGP is closely associated to their defense against microorganisms (9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Surfaces in Plant-Microorganism Interactions

Toppan¹,

Roby²,

Esquerré-Tugayé³

1982

Plant Physiol.

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MATERIALS AND METHODSEthylene production and cell wail hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein (HRGP) biosynthesis are greatly enhanced in melon (Cucumin melo cv.Cantaloup charentais) seedlings infected with CoUetotrichum lagenariwm.Short-term experiments performed in the presence of specific inhibitors of the ethylene pathway from methionine, namely L-canaline and aminoethoxyvinylglycine, indicate that under non-toxic conditions, both ethylene and I'4Clhydroxyproline deposition in the cell wall of infected tissues are significantly lowered. On the contrary, treatment of healthy tissues with 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylic acid, a natural precursor of ethylene, stimulates both the production of the hormone and the incorporation of I'Clhydroxyproline into cell wall proteins.The data provide the first evidence of the in vivo effect of ethylene on the cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein biosynthesis in plants.It has been reported in previous papers (10, 11) that melon seedlings respond to a fungal attack by the accumulation of HRGP2 in their cell walls. Special attention has been paid to this modification of the cell surface for it involves glycoproteins, a class of components often mediating cell to cell interactions (5). Availability of plants with higher or lower than normal amounts of cell wall hydroxyproline allowed us to ascertain that the enrichment of diseased plants in HRGP is closely associated to their defense against microorganisms (9). Indirect evidence suggests a role for ethylene in the regulation of this mechanism. When supplied exogenously to intact plants, this hormone promotes an enrichment of the cell wall in hydroxyproline (24) corresponding to an enrichment in HRGP (9). A similar hydroxyproline response occurs after wounding of plant tissues (7), a process otherwise well-known to stimulate the production ofethylene (13). Inasmuch as large amounts of this hormone are often released by infected plants (1,22) Patil and Tang (21), and then diluted to appropriate concentrations with 50 mm phosphate buffer (pH 6.0). AVG and ACC were each dissolved and adjusted to I x lo-3 M in 50 mm phosphate buffer (pH 6.0). Appropriate dilutions were then made with the same buffer.Ethylene Measurement. The production of ethylene was measured from excised seedlings, petiole of the first leaf, and from C. lagenarium, as follows. Four excised seedlings (without roots) were enclosed for 24 h in 570-ml serum flasks stopped with serum caps, and containing 30 ml of the usual growth medium (28). Newly excised seedlings were used everyday. The petioles were cut into 5-mm segments as previously indicated (9), and divided into lots of 2 g. The segments of each lot were incubated for 4 h under the light in 13 ml serum vials, stopped with serum vaccine caps, containing 6 ml of a medium consisting of 2% sucrose in 50 mm K-phosphate buffer (pH 6.0). A CO2 trap made of filter paper soaked with 200 td of 1 N KOH was inserted into each vial.Measurements of ethylene from C. lagenarium were performed on a 6-d-old culture i...

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Carbohydrates, Proteins, Cell Surfaces, and the Biochemistry of Pathogenesis

Cited by 242 publications

References 60 publications

Role of Lectins in Plant-Microorganism Interactions

Role of Lectins in Plant-Microorganism Interactions

Quantitative estimation of the surface carbohydrates on the infection structures of rust fungi with enzymes and lectins

Cell Surfaces in Plant-Microorganism Interactions

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