Carbohydrate metabolism in pregnancy. Part I. Diurnal plasma glucose profile in normal and diabetic women.

Gillmer, M. D. G.; Beard, R. W.; Brooke, F. M.; Oakley, N. W.

doi:10.1136/bmj.3.5980.399

Cited by 179 publications

(60 citation statements)

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“…When we further analyzed the ambulatory glycemic profile, we found no difference in preprandial values throughout the day and significantly lower mean blood glucose levels during nighttime (2300 to 0600 h) in comparison to daytime (Table 1). These findings are lower than some have previously reported (10,11) but in agreement with others (13). Thus, our data may provide the characterization of glycemic profile in the second half of pregnancy, which would inform the level of glycemia to be targeted to mirror normoglycemia in the pregnant diabetic subject.…”

Section: Diurnal Glycemic Profile In Nondiabeticcontrasting

confidence: 55%

Goals of Metabolic Management of Gestational Diabetes

Hod

Yogev

2007

Diabetes Care

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Section: Diurnal Glycemic Profile In Nondiabeticcontrasting

confidence: 55%

Goals of Metabolic Management of Gestational Diabetes

Hod

Yogev

2007

Diabetes Care

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“…The exact aetiology of insulin resistance during pregnancy is unknown; however, it is most likely mediated by increasing levels of pregnancy-associated hormones including human placental lactogen, insulin-like growth factor-1 and human placental growth hormone (23) . Normal glucose ranges during pregnancy are 3·4-5·5 mmol/l except immediately after meals when levels can go up to 6·5 mmol/l (24) . In response to a glucose load, the following are limits of normal ranges of glucose levels: based on US recommendations using a 100 g glucose load, a normal glucose response in pregnancy is defined as , 5·8 mmol/l fasting, , 10·6 mmol/l 1-h, ,9·2 mmol/l 2-h and , 8·1 mmol/l 3-h postprandial (25) .…”

Section: Maternal Glucose Homoeostasis In Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of maternal glycaemia and dietary glycaemic index on pregnancy outcome in healthy mothers

McGowan

McAuliffe

2010

Br J Nutr

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Infant birth weight has increased in Ireland in recent years along with levels of childhood overweight and obesity. The present article reviews the current literature on maternal glycaemia and the role of the dietary glycaemic index (GI) and its impact on pregnancy outcomes. It is known that maternal weight and weight gain significantly influence infant birth weight. Fetal macrosomia (birth weight >4000 g) is associated with an increased risk of perinatal trauma to both mother and infant. Furthermore, macrosomic infants have greater risk of being obese in childhood, adolescence and adulthood compared to normal-sized infants. There is evidence that there is a direct relationship between maternal blood glucose levels during pregnancy and fetal growth and size at birth, even when maternal blood glucose levels are within their normal range. Thus, maintaining blood glucose concentrations within normal parameters during pregnancy may reduce the incidence of fetal macrosomia. Maternal diet, and particularly its carbohydrate (CHO) type and content, influences maternal blood glucose concentrations. However, different CHO foods produce different glycaemic responses. The GI was conceived by Jenkins in 1981 as a method for assessing the glycaemic responses of different CHO. Data from clinical studies in healthy pregnant women have documented that consuming a low-GI diet during pregnancy reduces peaks in postprandial glucose levels and normalises infant birth weight. Pregnancy is a physiological condition where the GI may be of particular relevance as glucose is the primary fuel for fetal growth.

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“…This could potentially contribute to factors such as poorly controlled blood pressure (Bednarek & Jankowski, 2014), raised glucose levels (Gillmer et al, 1975) and other more complex cardiovascular or metabolic condition often coexisting in subjects with subclinical hypercortisolism (Dalmazi & Pasquali, 2015) and depression (Katon, 2003). Another possible correlate of elevated cortisol is that of persistent cognitive impairment, which is present in some depressed patients and has been found to affect most of the cognitive domains (Porter et al, 2003).…”

Section: Medium-term Cortisol Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%