Carbohydrate Hydrolase-Inhibitory Activity of Juice-Based Phenolic Extracts in Correlation to Their Anthocyanin/Copigment Profile

Abstract

Red fruits and their juices are rich sources of polyphenols, especially anthocyanins. Some studies have shown that such polyphenols can inhibit enzymes of the carbohydrate metabolism, such as α-amylase and α-glucosidase, that indirectly regulate blood sugar levels. The presented study examined the in vitro inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase of various phenolic extracts prepared from direct juices, concentrates, and purees of nine different berries which differ in their anthocyanin and copigment profile. Generally, the extracts with the highest phenolic content—aronia (67.7 ± 3.2 g GAE/100 g; cyanidin 3-galactoside; chlorogenic acid), pomegranate (65.7 ± 7.9 g GAE/100 g; cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside; punicalin), and red grape (59.6 ± 2.5 g GAE/100 g; malvidin 3-glucoside; quercetin 3-glucuronide)—showed also one of the highest inhibitory activities against α-amylase (326.9 ± 75.8 μg/mL; 789.7 ± 220.9 μg/mL; 646.1 ± 81.8 μg/mL) and α-glucosidase (115.6 ± 32.5 μg/mL; 127.8 ± 20.1 μg/mL; 160.6 ± 68.4 μg/mL) and, partially, were even more potent inhibitors than acarbose (441 ± 30 μg/mL; 1439 ± 85 μg/mL). Additionally, the investigation of single anthocyanins and glycosylated flavonoids demonstrated a structure- and size-dependent inhibitory activity. In the future in vivo studies are envisaged.

Influence of Brewer’s Spent Grain Compounds on Glucose Metabolism Enzymes

“…The α-amylase inhibition assay was based on previously described spectrophotometric methods [ 31 , 32 ]. Samples were measured in triplicate.…”

“…The α-glucosidase inhibition assay was conducted according to Berger et al (2020) and You et al (2011) [ 31 , 33 ]. Samples were assayed in triplicate.…”

GC-MS Metabolic Profile and α-Glucosidase-, α-Amylase-, Lipase-, and Acetylcholinesterase-Inhibitory Activities of Eight Peach Varieties

“…In addition, the extraction procedure can also target certain components and thus increase their concentrations in the final extract. It has been suggested that substances with a smaller sugar group attached inhibit digestive enzymes more successfully [88]. Lipase is the pancreatic enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of triglycerides.…”

Texture properties of parsnip (Pastinaca sativa L.) for the elderly base on the enzyme treatment

“…Previous studies have shown that bioactivity in many plant species significantly reduces early diabetes‐related enzyme activity. In this study, the IC 50 value for α‐glucosidase inhibition of parsnip was 171.15 μg mL −1 , which was higher than that of Aronia (93 μg mL −1 ) and pomegranate (113 μg mL −1 ), a fruit group known to be important for diabetes prevention (Berger et al ., 2020). And previous studies have reported that high antidiabetic activity in carrots is associated with its phenolic acid and flavonoid content, i.e .…”