GC-MS Metabolic Profile and α-Glucosidase-, α-Amylase-, Lipase-, and Acetylcholinesterase-Inhibitory Activities of Eight Peach Varieties

Abstract

The inhibition of certain digestive enzymes by target food matrices represents a new approach in the treatment of socially significant diseases. Proving the ability of fruits to inhibit such enzymes can support the inclusion of specific varieties in the daily diets of patients with diabetes, obesity, Alzheimer’s disease, etc., providing them with much more than just valuable micro- and macromolecules. The current study aimed atidentifying and comparing the GC-MS metabolic profiles of eight peach varieties (“Filina”, “Ufo 4, “Gergana”, “Laskava”, “July Lady”, “Flat Queen”, “Evmolpiya”, and “Morsiani 90”) grown in Bulgaria (local and introduced) and to evaluate the inhibitory potential of their extracts towards α-glucosidase, α-amylase, lipase, and acetylcholinesterase. In order to confirm samples’ differences or similarities, principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were also applied to the identified metabolites. The results provide important insights into the metabolomic profiles of the eight peach varieties and represent a first attempt to characterize the peels of the peach varieties with respect to α-glucosidase-, α-amylase-, lipase-, and acetylcholinesterase-inhibitory activities. All of the studied peach extracts displayed inhibitory activity towards α-glucosidase (IC50: 125–757 mg/mL) and acetylcholinesterase (IC50: 60–739 mg/mL), but none of them affected α-amylase activity. Five of the eight varieties showed inhibitory activity towards porcine pancreatic lipase (IC50: 24–167 mg/mL). The obtained results validate the usefulness of peaches and nectarines as valuable sources of natural agents beneficial for human health, although further detailed investigation should be performed in order to thoroughly identify the enzyme inhibitors responsible for each activity.

Lab Scale Extracted Conditions of Polyphenols from Thinned Peach Fruit Have Antioxidant, Hypoglycemic, and Hypolipidemic Properties

“…Chen et al [ 36 ] also showed that chingiitannin A from the unripe fruit of Rubus chingii Hu had the highest inhibitory activities against α-amylase and α-glucosidase, and had a reversible and noncompetitive mode of inhibition. Mihaylova et al [ 37 ] found that crude polyphenol extracts from eight peach varieties had no inhibitory effect on α-amylase, but the TPPs identified in our study inhibit both α-amylase and α-glucosidase, via competitive reversible inhibition and noncompetitive reversible inhibition. In addition, the EC 50 of TPPs to α-amylase was only 0.26 mg/mL, making it potentially useful for the control of blood sugar.…”

HS-SPME-GC–MS Volatile Profile Characterization of Peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) Varieties Grown in the Eastern Balkan Peninsula

“…The early season fruits were quite similar to the late season and to the mid-season, and in reverse. Moreover, when clustering the metabolites in polar fractions (phenolic acids, amino acids, organic acids, sugar alcohols, carbohydrates, and saturated and unsaturated fatty acids [57]), different phytochemical similarities were reported.…”

Environmentally Friendly Techniques for the Recovery of Polyphenols from Food By-Products and Their Impact on Polyphenol Oxidase: A Critical Review

“…Polyphenols are the most pervasive bioactive compounds found in agroindustry byproducts [10,11], various fruits [12,13], seeds [14], cereals [15], nuts [16], vegetables [17], tea [18,19], coffee [20], etc. These compounds are a group of secondary metabolites derived from phenylalanine, and they own one or more phenolic rings with one or several bound hydroxyl groups.…”