Carbazole terminal phenylene core imine skeletal nanosilica reinforced polybenzoxazine (nSi$${\mathrm O}_2$$/PBZ) hybrid nanocomposites

Arivalagan, V; Stephen, L. Devaraj; Meera, Muraleedharan Sheela; Gunasekaran, S.

doi:10.1007/s10965-021-02756-y

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Because strong inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonds exist after the thermal ROP of BZ units, formed among the tertiary amino and phenolic units in the Mannich bridges, the polymerization products can possess low dielectric constants, low surface free energies, low degrees of shrinkage, and high thermal stabilities and char yields [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Flexibility in molecular design—by varying the structures of the phenolic and amino groups—has allowed the introduction of a range of functional groups (e.g., allyl, propargyl, crown ether) [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ] or inorganic nanomaterials (such as polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane, graphene, carbon nanotube) [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ] into the BZ matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various porphyrin-functionalized polymers have been prepared, usually connected with metal ions or reactive units [ 48 , 49 , 50 ]. Based on several previous reports [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ], in this study, the synthesis and ROP of a porphyrin-functionalized benzoxazine (Por-BZ) monomer were investigated; to the best of our knowledge, such structures have not been described previously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metal Complexes of the Porphyrin-Functionalized Polybenzoxazine

et al. 2022

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New porphyrin-functionalized benzoxazine (Por-BZ) in high purity and yield was synthesized in this study based on 1H and 13C NMR and FTIR spectroscopic analyses through the reduction of Schiff base formed from tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)porphyrin (TAPP) and salicylaldehyde and the subsequent reaction with CH2O. Thermal properties of the product formed through ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of Por-BZ were measured using DSC, TGA and FTIR spectroscopy. Because of the rigid structure of the porphyrin moiety appended to the benzoxazine unit, the temperature required for ROP (314 °C) was higher than the typical Pa-type benzoxazine monomer (ca. 260 °C); furthermore, poly(Por-BZ) possessed a high thermal decomposition temperature (Td10 = 478 °C) and char yield (66 wt%) after thermal polymerization at 240 °C. An investigation of the thermal and luminescence properties of metal–porphyrin complexes revealed that the insertion of Ni and Zn ions decreased the thermal ROP temperatures of the Por-BZ/Ni and Por-BZ/Zn complexes significantly, to 241 and 231 °C, respectively. The metal ions acted as the effective promoter and catalyst for the thermal polymerization of the Por-BZ monomer, and also improved the thermal stabilities after thermal polymerization.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal Complexes of the Porphyrin-Functionalized Polybenzoxazine

et al. 2022

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“…An increase in the initial decomposition temperature was observed, though the lack of data hindered an insight into the effect of nanosilica on the behavior of the composites. Silica nanoparticles (2-10 wt.%) were added also to a carbazole terminal benzoxazine monomer, synthesized using p-phenylene core diimines with N-(4-aminophenyl) carbazole through a Mannich reaction [60]. Nanosilica condensed with the monomer during polymerization and thermal curing.…”

Section: Metal Hydroxides Oxides and Sol-gel Architectures As Flame R...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame retarded polymer systems based on the sol-gel approach: recent advances and future perspectives

Bifulco

Imparato

Aronne

et al. 2022

J Sol-Gel Sci Technol

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The ease of flammability of polymers represents a key issue that limits their applications in different advanced sectors. In this context, a reliable and effective solution regards the use of flame retardants, i.e., additives that are able to slow down (or even stop) the flame propagation and to enhance the resistance to an irradiative heat flux. Among the different flame retardants designed, synthesized, and applied up-to-now, the utilization of inorganic particles, inorganic and hybrid organic-inorganic coatings has gathered a great interest from either the academic and industrial community, as these structures can provide remarkable flame retardant features to different polymer systems, in which they are embedded or applied onto. In particular, the in situ generation (through sol-gel processes, i.e. hydrolysis and condensation reactions from tailored alkoxide precursors) of ceramic phases, either in the form of particles or as surface coatings, has clearly demonstrated its effectiveness in creating a physical barrier that limits the degradation of the polymer when subjected to the application of a flame or an irradiative heat flux. It also lowers the heat and mass transfer from the degrading polymer to the surroundings and vice versa, hence providing an overall enhancement of heat and fire resistance. This review work seeks to provide an up-to-date overview of the most recent advances in the use of sol-gel methods for conferring flame retardant features to bulk polymers, cellulosic textiles (cotton), and polymer foams. In addition, the current limitations and the potential progresses of these approaches are discussed.

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“…For a long time, it has been significant for improving the thermal stability and flame retardancy of polymeric materials. The thermal stability of benzoxazine resin can be improved by molecular design and the addition of nanofillers 12–15 . Although polybenzoxazines have better flame retardancy than common epoxy resins, most commercial polybenzoxazines still cannot achieve the flame retardant rating of UL‐94V‐0.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thermal stability of benzoxazine resin can be improved by molecular design and the addition of nanofillers. [12][13][14][15] Although polybenzoxazines have better flame retardancy than common epoxy resins, most commercial polybenzoxazines still cannot achieve the flame retardant rating of UL-94V-0. For example, a typical phenol/diamine type benzoxazine (M-boz) has been applied widely because of its good thermal resistance and mechanical property.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and enhanced flame retardancy of co‐polybenzoxazines containing diacetal structure

Xiao

Wang

Ran

2022

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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A comparative study on the flame retardancy of two polybenzoxazines with and without a diacetal structure, p(A) and p(B), is firstly carried out by microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC). It is proved that the presence of the diacetal structure can endow p(A) with good flame retardancy with a low heat release capacity (HRC). Then, the monomer of this diacetal containing p(A), A‐boz, is used to modify a typical diamine type benzoxazine (M‐boz) to improve its flame retardancy. The effects of A‐boz with different ratios on curing behavior, heat resistance and thermal stability of the co‐polybenzoxazines of M‐boz and A‐boz, p(M/A)s, are analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Furthermore, the flame retardancy of p(M/A)s is investigated by UL‐94 test, limiting oxygen index (LOI) and MCC, and the degradation and flame retardant mechanisms are investigated by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), Raman spectra and TGA‐FTIR. When the addition amount of A is 20 wt%, the LOI value of p(M/A) is as high as 39.5% and its flame retardant rating reaches UL‐94 V‐0. In addition, the mechanical properties of p(M/A)s are tested. The results suggest that the Tg and char yield at 800°C in N2 of p(M/A)s increase from 210 to 243°C and 45% to 51%, respectively. This work suggests that the incorporation of the diacetal structure is an effective strategy to improve the flame retardancy of resins.

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Carbazole terminal phenylene core imine skeletal nanosilica reinforced polybenzoxazine (nSi$${\mathrm O}_2$$/PBZ) hybrid nanocomposites

Cited by 4 publications

References 40 publications

Metal Complexes of the Porphyrin-Functionalized Polybenzoxazine

Metal Complexes of the Porphyrin-Functionalized Polybenzoxazine

Flame retarded polymer systems based on the sol-gel approach: recent advances and future perspectives

Preparation and enhanced flame retardancy of co‐polybenzoxazines containing diacetal structure

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