Carbaryl Susceptibility and Detoxication Enzymes in Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae): Influence of Host Plant

Moldenke, Alison F.; Berry, Ralph E.; Miller, Jeffrey C.; Kelsey, Rick G.; Wernz, J. G.; Subramanian, Vijay

doi:10.1093/jee/85.5.1628

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…In gypsy moth, increased levels of detoxication enzymes and altered insecticide susceptibility have been associated frequently, though not invariably, with nutrients and dietary allelochemicals (Sheppard & Friedman, 1989;Lindroth et al, 1990Lindroth et al, , 1993Moldenke et al, 1992;Berry et al, 1993;Moldenke et al, 1994). In our previous studies (Moldenke et al, 1992(Moldenke et al, , 1994Berry et al, 1993), gypsy moth larvae fed Douglas-fir tolerated topically applied carbaryl and diflubenzuron and orally administered diflubenzuron and Bacillus thuringiensis better than did larvae fed alder. In this study, in contrast, larvae fed alder were more tolerant of orally administered acephate, and diet did not affect tolerance of topically applied acephate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Although intensive spraying has obliterated these infestations, repeat occurrences remain a constant threat. This study and our related work (Miller & Hanson, 1989;Joseph et al, 1991Joseph et al, , 1993Miller et al, 1991a,b;Moldenke et al, 1992;Berry et al, 1993;Moldenke et al, 1994) were undertaken to evaluate the ability of gypsy moth originating in the eastern United States to adapt to western vegetation and the effectiveness of several control measures used in the East against gypsy moth feeding on western host plants. We therefore obtained the eggs for this study from Maryland.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Determination of polysubstrate monooxygenase (PSMO) activities. Microsomal cytochrome P-450 content and aldrin epoxidase were determined in midgut and carcass (midsection of the body after removal of the midgut) of third instars 2 days after molting, as described previously (Moldenke et al, 1992). There were six replications for larvae reared on alder and seven for larvae reared on Douglas-fir.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Feeding larvae during the assay period should relieve stress caused by starvation and might increase tolerance. Several studies have shown that toxicity of insecticides to gypsy moth (Moldenke et al, 1992;Berry et al, 1993;Moldenke et al, 1994) and other insects (Terriere, 1984;Yu, 1986;Brattsten, 1988) differs with host plant, but we know of no previous studies that have directly assessed toxicity with respect to food availability after treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Franco) from eclosion, treated topically with acephate, and either replaced immediately on the original food plant (alder or Douglas-fir) or maintained without food (alder-reared larvae only) for 48 h. We also report the toxicity of acephate administered orally in foliagebased diets and sublethal effects of both topically and orally administered acephate, and discuss toxicity of acephate in relation to method of administration, levels of insect detoxication enzymes, and host plant allelochemistry. The host plants were chosen on the basis of their different allelochemistries and suitability for larval development (Joseph et al, 1991(Joseph et al, , 1993Miller & Hanson, 1989) and their potential as inducers of insecticide-metabolizing enzymes (Moldenke et al, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicity of acephate to larvae of gypsy moth as a function of host plant and bioassay method

Moldenke

Berry

Miller

et al. 1997

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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We examined toxicity of acephate to third‐instar gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), under different conditions of administration method, availability of food to larvae during bioassay, host plant, and activity of detoxifying enzymes. Larvae that had been fed field‐collected foliage of white alder (Alnus rhombifolia Nutt.) were less susceptible 48 h after treatment with topically applied acephate if they were allowed to continue feeding on foliage during the bioassay period (LD50= 60.6 μg/g larva) than if they were not (LD50= 13.5 μg/g larva). All surviving larvae were replaced on their original food plant after the 48‐h bioassay; of these, 14.4% of the larvae not fed during treatment died before pupation, compared with 1.3% of the larvae fed alder during treatment. The LD50 obtained for topically treated larvae reared and treated on Douglas‐fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, (51.1 μg/g larva) was comparable to that obtained for larvae fed alder (60.0 μg/g larva) throughout treatment. Larvae treated orally with acephate, however, were slightly more susceptible when reared on Douglas‐fir (LC50, 20.3 ppm) than when reared on alder (LC50, 27.0 ppm). Post‐treatment mortality in orally treated larvae was 10.3% in those fed alder and 9.5% in those fed Douglas‐fir. Higher cytochrome P‐450 activities in larvae reared on Douglas‐fir apparently did not enhance tolerance to acephate. Both sexes of orally treated larvae took significantly longer to pupate than did controls on both foliage types, as did topically treated males fed Douglas‐fir. Pupal weight generally was slightly, but not always significantly, higher in treated than untreated larvae under all dietary and treatment regimes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicity of acephate to larvae of gypsy moth as a function of host plant and bioassay method

Moldenke

Berry

Miller

et al. 1997

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki to Gypsy Moth, Lymantria dispar, Fed with Alder or Douglas-Fir

Moldenke¹,

Berry²,

Miller³

et al. 1994

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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Effects of nitrogen and Douglas-fir allelochemicals on development of the gypsy moth,Lymantria dispar

et al. 1993

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Two experiments were conducted to examine the influence of foliar nitrogen, terpenes, and phenolics of Douglas-fir on the development of gypsy moth larvae. In the first experiment, foliar concentrations of nitrogen and allelochemicals were manipulated by fertilizing 3-year-old potted seedlings with 0 or 200 ppm nitrogen. Concentrations of foliar nitrogen (0.33-2.38%) were negatively correlated with the phenolics (15.8-24.4 mg/g). Sixth-instar larvae previously reared on current-year Douglas-fir needles were allowed to feed on these seedlings. Pupal weights (312.8-995.6 mg) were positively correlated with levels of foliar nitrogen, negatively correlated with amounts of foliar phenolics, and uncorrelated with terpene concentrations. In the second experiment, terpene and phenolic extracts from Douglas-fir foliage were incorporated at natural levels into artificial diets with high and low levels of protein nitrogen. Neonate larvae grew faster and were larger on the high nitrogen control diet (4.1-4.5%), however, fourth instars performed better on the control diet with low nitrogen levels (2.5-2.7%). Foliar terpenes incorporated into diet had little effect on neonate fitness, but may induce subtle physiological changes in later instar larvae. Phenolics, alone or in combination with terpenes, excessively suppressed growth and survival, with no individuals living through the fourth instar, regardless of the nitrogen level. Incorporating foliar phenolic extracts into artificial diet caused unnatural levels of toxicity and failed to clarify the effects of Douglas-fir phenolics on gypsy moth fitness. Foliar nitrogen is a key factor influencing gypsy moth development on Douglas fir, but may be mitigated to some degree by phenolics.

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Carbaryl Susceptibility and Detoxication Enzymes in Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae): Influence of Host Plant

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Toxicity of acephate to larvae of gypsy moth as a function of host plant and bioassay method

Toxicity of acephate to larvae of gypsy moth as a function of host plant and bioassay method

Toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki to Gypsy Moth, Lymantria dispar, Fed with Alder or Douglas-Fir

Effects of nitrogen and Douglas-fir allelochemicals on development of the gypsy moth,Lymantria dispar

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