Caracterización Del Uso Y Aprovechamiento De Recursos Hidrobiológicos en Áreas Protegidas De Parques Nacionales Naturales en El Caribe De Colombia

Abstract

Colombia’s protected areas have biodiversity preservation as one of their objectives. When dealing with hydrobiological resources, they become the source supporting nearby areas where fiheries communities should use them in a sustainable way. Nevertheless, regional stress go beyond areas’ boundaries which, added to the limited capabilities of institutional control, have forced to look for different strategies to face this conflct. In this context, the Colombian National Natural Park Authority (PNNC in Spanish) began the process looks for defiition and implementation of actions for the recovery of aquatic resources, and initially outlined the characterization of some societal elements and the pressure on hydrobiological resources as fundamentals for the implementation of such a strategy in fie protected areas in the Colombian Caribbean: Tayrona, Old Providence McBean Lagoon, Rosario and San Bernardo Corals, Floral and Faunal Sanctuary Los Flamencos, and Salamanca Island Way National Park. The methodology applied in order to implement this study was that proposed by Invemar’s Fishing Information System (Sipein in Spanish). A total number of 1664 fihermen were censed; they have 7545 dependent persons, 29.3% of them youngsters. It was observed that 40% of the fihermen alternate fihing with other activities within the protected areas (tourist guides, boatman, scuba aid, and seller) and outside them (farmer, construction worker, minor merchant). 63 places of origin adjacent to protected areas and circumscribed to fie Caribbean Colombian provinces were determined for fihermen working in the protected areas. 1146 fihery economic unities potentially use protected areas. The role assumed by PNNC and other regional agencies aimed to minimize pressure within those protected areas is discussed. The construction of joint strategies involving resource managers, researchers, academics, government, and NGOs in the national, regional, and local levels is highly recommended. Elements to be considered in strategies are: prevent and control, economic alternatives outside of protected areas, and monitoring to validate the management. For the future, sustainable fihing in the region will depend upon a network of Marine Protected Areas along with other management measures to reduce fihing mortality.

Estado de <i>Lutjanus synagris</i> en tres áreas protegidas del Caribe colombiano: evaluación basada en datos limitados

“…Cuenta 15 000 ha, de las cuales 3 000 hacen parte del área marina. En esta área más de 200 pescadores hacen uso con diferentes artes y/o métodos de pesca (Martínez-Viloria, 2009;Martínez-Viloria et al,2014). El conflicto de uso por pesca ha sido histórico y la Sentencia T-606 de 2015 de la Corte Constitucional colombiana indica que no se pesque en áreas protegidas, a menos que sea en el marco de la subsistencia.…”

“…It has 15,000 ha, 3,000 of which in the marine area. More than 200 fishermen in this area reported using different fishing gears and/or methods (Martínez-Viloria, 2009;Martínez-Viloria et al, 2014)). The conflict of use for fishing has been historical, and the Colombian Constitutional Court's Sentence T-606 of 2015 orders no fishing in the protected areas, unless it is for subsistence purposes.…”

“…Es un arte de pesca empleado para la captura de especies demersales a través de diferentes métodos, supeditado por el movimiento de la embarcación (Aunap-Unimagdalena, 2014). En las áreas protegidas la línea de mano es el arte de mayor uso (34 %; Martínez-Viloria et al, 2014). Consta de un cordel de nylon tipo monofilamento con resistencias de 3 a 120 kgf, dotado de uno a seis anzuelos en su mayoría tipo jota "J" por línea, que oscilan entre los números (N°) J6 y J12.…”

“…Históricamente en las áreas protegidas del Sistema de Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia adscritas a la Dirección Territorial Caribe (DTCA) ha existido un constante aprovechamiento de los recursos pesqueros por parte de comunidades asentadas en su interior y de aquellas ubicadas en áreas de influencia, ocasionando fuerte presión sobre las especies explotadas (Manjarrés, 2007;Martínez-Viloria, 2014). Como parte del seguimiento a la actividad pesquera realizado por la DTCA en cinco áreas protegidas con jurisdicción marino-costera, se identificaron aproximadamente 1600 pescadores, de los cuales dependen económicamente unas 4700 personas (Martínez-Viloria et al, 2014). Así mismo, se ha documentado que un gran número de especies aprovechadas por la pesca están fuertemente presionadas, aspecto que podría contribuir negativamente en su condición poblacional (López, 2009;Guzmán, 2010;Jaimes, 2011;Martínez-Viloria et al, 2011).…”

“…Historically, in the protected areas of Colombia's National Natural Parks System (NNPS) linked to the Caribbean Territory Directorate (CADT), there has been constant utilization of fishery resources by the local communities, causing heavy pressure on the utilized species (Manjarrés, 2007;Martínez-Viloria, 2014). As part of the monitoring of the fishing activity carried out by CADT in five protected areas with marine-coastal jurisdiction, about 1600 fishermen were identified, on which about 4700 people depend economically (Martínez-Viloria et al, 2014). Likewise, it has been documented that many species exploited by fishing are under heavy pressure, which could contribute negatively to their population status (López, 2009;Guzmán, 2010;Jaimes, 2011;Martínez-Viloria et al, 2011).…”