Caracterización de los pinares de Pinus halepensis Mill, en el sur de la Península Ibérica

Abstract

Estudiamos las comunidades naturales de Pinus halepensis en el sur de España (Andalucía). Se recopila toda la información bibliográfica disponible que aporta datos de interés sobre su espontaneidad en toda la cuenca mediterránea, con especial referencia a la Península Ibérica. Ponemos de manifiesto el carácter edafoxerófilo de este tipo de formaciones en el área de estudio con la descripción de una nueva asociación y una comunidad vegetal : Junipero phoeniceae-Pinetum halepensis y comunidad de Ephedra fragilis y Pinus halepensis.

Ecological and Syntaxonomic Analysis of Pinus halepensis Mill. in the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands

“…The community of Ephedra fragilis and Pinus halepensis was described by Torres et al [9] for the Guadiana Menor valley (Accitano-Baztetan sector), and raised to the association rank by Rivas-Martínez et al [18]. Ephedro-Pinetum halepensis is described as climatophilous in semiarid environments on gypsum loams and gypsum [55][56][57]; whereas Rhamno-Pinetum halepensis has been described as edaphoxerophilous for the Subbetic sector on limestone and limestone dolomites and in dry-subhumid environments, and the association Junipero turbinatae-Pinetum halepensis as edaphoxerophilous in semiarid-dry environments on calcodolomitic materials.…”

“…Initially, 400 phytosociological relevés were obtained from the various plant communities on the Iberian Peninsula in which Pinus halepensis has appeared with varying degrees of frequency without any distinction between climatophilic or edaphophilic plant communities. We have used our own relevés and those from various published works [9,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. In this study, we analyse relevés from the associations described for P. halepensis and those included in other associations, but which have a dominance of P. halepensis, such as the relevés adscribed initially to Rhamno lycioidis-Quercetum cocciferae.…”

“…Finally, Rhamno lycioidis-Pinetum halepensis (RlPh) has been described by Torres et al [9] as Subbetic edaphoxerophilous on rocky limestone and limestone-dolomitic crests with a mesomediterranean thermoclimate (Itc mean = 264.85) and a dry-subhumid ombroclimate (Io mean = 3.97), owing to the water loss caused by their rocky nature. The I oex is therefore semiarid-dry.…”

“…Because of the controversial status of Pinus halepensis communities in Spain in terms of their autochthonous or introduced character, since we previously demonstrated [9] that Pinus halepensis is an autochthonous species, as recognized by Rivas-Martínez et al [18], and since this species is widely used in reforestation in Spain, we set ourselves the objective of reviewing the natural communities of this species. We maintain the hypothesis that the ombrotype, with an influence of the substrate, is the cause of the ambivalent character of Pinus halepensis, which may have an edaphoxerophilous or climatophilous character, as demonstrated by applying the ombroedaphoxeric index.…”

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“…22 and 23). This rare shrub is endemic to the Baetic Range in southern Spain and conforms scrublands on calcareous substrate ( Valdés et al 1987 ), being found among the natural communities of Pinus halepensis ( Torres et al 1999 ). The bloom time and fruits of this yellow-flowering shrub occurs from July to August.…”