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The phylogenetic relationships among major lineages of the planthopper family Issidae were explored by analyzing a molecular dataset of nine fragments (COI, CytB, 12S, H3, 16S, 18SII, 18SIII, 28S D3–D5, 28S D6–D7) and 48 terminal taxa. Bayesian and Maximum likelihood analyses yielded similar and mostly well-resolved trees with moderate to high support for most branches. The obtained results suggest subdivision of the family Issidae Spinola into two subfamilies, Issinae Spinola, 1839 (= Thioniinae Melichar, 1906, = Hemisphaeriinae Melichar, 1906) and Hysteropterinae Melichar, 1906. The Issinae was clustered into the tribes Issini Spinola, 1839, with the subtribes Issina Spinola, 1839 and Thioniina Melichar, 1906, Sarimini Wang, Zhang et Bourgoin, 2016, Parahiraciini Cheng et Yang, 1991, Hemisphaeriini Melichar, 1906, and Kodaianellini Wang, Zhang et Bourgoin, 2016. The Hysteropterinae incorporates the rest of Western Palaearctic taxa except Issina. Chimetopini Gnezdilov, 2017, stat. nov. is elevated to tribe from the subtribal level. Most well-supported clades showed clear geographical pattering. Newly obtained data contradicts the scenario of an early split of American Thioniinae from other Issidae and possible origin of the family in the New World, while the combination of Palaearctic Issus Fabricius and Latissus Dlabola with Oriental and American taxa in one well supported clade may serve as an evidence for a common ancestor for extant Oriental, American, and Palaearctic issids.

Four new genera of sub-brachypterous Ricaniidae are described from Madagascar. Globularica gen. nov. is established for a single species, Globularica diversicolorata sp. nov. Coniunctivena gen. nov. is established for four species: Coniunctivena antsignyensis sp. nov., C. epaulettea sp. nov. (type species), C. montuosa sp. nov., C. synavei sp. nov. Nasatus gen. nov. is established for two species: Nasatus sparsus sp. nov. (type species) and N. davidouvrardi sp. nov. Cyamosa gen. nov. is established for four species: Cyamosa adelinae sp. nov., C. camelouca sp. nov. (type species), C. pauliani sp. nov., C. splendens sp. nov. Isobium gibbosum Melichar, 1906 is redescribed and transferred from the Issidae to the Ricaniidae. Photographs, drawings and maps of distribution for all mentioned species are presented. Discussion is provided on antennal plate organs, tegminal sub-brachypterism, and female bursa copulatrix structure, for these sub-brachypterous Ricaniidae.

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Abstract. Karyotypes and testis structure of 14 species representing 9 genera (Latissus, Bubastia, Falcidius, Kervillea, Mulsantereum, Mycterodus, Scorlupaster, Scorlupella and Zopherisca) of the planthopper tribe Issini (Issidae) are presented. All the karyotypes are illustrated by meiotic and occasionally mitotic figures. The male karyotypes of most of the species analyzed are 2n = 26 + X, the exception being Falcidius limbatus, which has a karyotype of 2n = 24 + neo-XY. The latter is the first report of the neo-XY system in the family Issidae. The species studied are found to be similar in having NORs on the largest pair of autosomes, but differ significantly in the amount and distribution of C-heterochromatin along the chromosomes. In contrast to the conserved chromosome numbers, the highly variable follicle number in the testes suggests rapid evolution of the tribe Issini. On the basis of its specific follicle number, it is proposed that Zopherisca tendinosa skaloula be upgrade to a species: Z. skaloula stat. n. The cytological and taxonomic significance of results presented are discussed. 465number of seminal follicles is also described. In a previous study (Marya ska-Nadachowska et al., 2006), it is shown that this character, unlike chromosome number, is highly variable in the Issidae, with however an apparent mode of 10 follicles per testis.The new results accord well with earlier conclusions that there is a marked variability in follicle number and uniformity in chromosome number in the Issidae, at least in the tribe Issini, to which the overwhelming majority of hitherto studied species belong. The X0 male sex chromosome system is confirmed as characteristic of this group. Theoretically, this fact implies it is possible to evolve a derived sex chromosome system, in which the univalent X chromosome is translocated to an autosome giving rise to a neo-XY system. In support of this hypothesis is the first finding of a neo-XY issid species reported here. MATERIAL AND METHODS InsectsThe localities from which the species were collected and the numbers of males analyzed are presented in Table 1. Freshly caught specimens were fixed in 3 : 1 ethanol/acetic acid. Chromosome preparationsChromosome spreads were obtained from testes as previously described (Marya ska-Nadachowska et al., 2006;Kuznetsova et al., 2009b). Testes were extracted from abdomens in a drop of 45% acetic acid; testicular follicles were separated and counted. Chromosome preparations were made by the squash method: testis material was squashed under a coverslip in a drop of 45% acetic acid; the coverslip was removed after freezing with dry ice, the preparation was dehydrated in freshly prepared 3 : 1 ethanol/acetic acid for 20 min and air-dried. The preparations were first observed under a phase contrast microscope at 400 ×. The best chromosome spreads were stained in several different ways. Standard stainingFor standard staining the method of Grozeva & Nokkala (1996) was used. The preparations were first subjected to hydrolysis in 1 N HCl at 6...

The family Caliscelidae is revised and listed in the Afrotropical Region and is recorded from Madagascar for the first time. Signoreta victorina gen. et sp. n., Calampocus sphaeroides gen. et sp. n., Patamadaga pauliani gen. et sp. n., Sphenax cuneus gen. et sp. n., Afronaso gryphus sp. n. and A. malagasicus sp. n. are described from Madagascar. Rhinoploeus iwa gen. et sp. n. is described from Zambia and Caliscelis swazi sp. n. from Republic of South Africa and Swaziland. Nubianus gen. n. is erected for Issopulex nasutus Linnavuori, 1973. Issopulex chloe Linnavuori, 1973 is transfered to the genus Savanopulex Dlabola and Caliscelis eximia Stål, 1859 to the genus Chirodisca Emeljanov. Afronaso rhinarius cuneiceps Fennah, 1957 is upgraded to species level. Populonia curculioforma Dlabola, 1987 is placed in synonymy under A. rhinarius cuneiceps, Populonia hammersteini Schmidt, 1932 under Homaloplasis curvata Melichar, 1908, Ugandana fennahi Dlabola, 1987 under Afronaso bayoni Schmidt, 1911, and Caliscelis dreyfus Fernando, 1957 under Caliscelis eximia Stål, 1859. New faunistic records are proposed. The possible Gondwanan origin and monophyly of the Caliscelidae are briefly discussed.

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