Caracterización clínico-epidemiológica de mordeduras en personas mayores en la provincia de los Andes, región de Valparaíso, Chile

Abstract

Introducción: las mordeduras constituyen un relevante problema de salud, con amplio espectro clínico, pudiendo causar la muerte. Existe escasa información del tema en personas mayores (PM). Método: análisis de base de datos realizada a partir de formularios de notificación de mordeduras de centros de salud y de Protocolos de Denuncia de Animal Mordedor en la provincia de Los Andes, Chile.Objetivo: caracterizar epidemiológicamente las mordeduras en personas mayores ocurridas en la provincia de Los Andes, V región, (2005-2007).Resultados: de los 2358 casos de mordeduras notificados, 234 casos ocurrieron en PM (9,92% del total de casos), con un promedio de edad de 70,09 ± 7,896 años (rango = 60-95 años). La tasa de mordeduras para PM fue de 657,1 por 100000 hbtes (2005), 745,8 por 100000 hbtes (2006) y 627,6 por 100000 hbtes (2007). De éstos, la mayoría se produjo en el sexo femenino (56,8%) (p 0,016). El animal mordedor más frecuente fue el perro (75,6%) en ambos sexos. La complicación más frecuente fue la herida (74,4%), seguida por enfermedad por arañazo de gato (2,1%) y fractura (1,3%). Hubo 1 caso de artritis y 1 de celulitis por mordedura de araña.Conclusiones: las mordeduras en personas mayores son causa de morbilidad importante. Es relevante mejorar los sistemas de registro y vigilancia, y las medidas de educación en la tenencia responsable de animales para lograr una disminución de casos. Se requieren más estudios para determinar otras complicaciones y consecuencias de mordeduras en PM no visualizadas en este estudio.

Epidemiology of Dog Bite Incidents in Chile: Factors Related to the Patterns of Human-Dog Relationship

“…In relation to the victim’s gender, men were bitten more than women, which is consistent with previous studies in other countries, such as the United States [ 68 , 69 ], Korea [ 37 ], Bosnia and Herzegovina [ 38 ], Iran [ 69 ] and Ireland [ 70 ]; as well as with previous Chilean publications [ 23 , 34 , 44 , 71 ]. These results can be explained because men can have a more invasive type of approach with the animal, they can also be less cautious or have less perception of an eventual threat.…”

“…The highest number of canine attacks was registered in winter and autumn, which differs from most of the previous studies in the country, where a higher frequency of incidents was reported in summer [ 34 , 44 , 71 ]. It also differs from international publications, where a higher concentration of bites is reported in spring [ 38 ] or summer [ 52 ].…”

“…The results of this study are close to those obtained in Bosnia and Herzegovina, where it was reported that the most bitten people were adults between 50–64 years and 25–49 years of age (n = 425, 24.7% and n = 390, 22.7%, respectively) [ 38 ]. In Chile, similar results have been reported, such as those found in the city of Los Andes, where the most bitten were people between 18 and 59 years of age [ 44 ].…”

“…The same was reported by Villagra [ 34 ], who investigated this problem in Los Andes, Chile, also identifying the dog as the main cause of bites. Other studies in Chile report something similar [ 44 ]. The same situation is observed in other countries, for example, in Iran [ 36 , 45 , 46 ] and Korea [ 37 ].…”

Systematic Review: Comparison of the Main Variables of Interest in Publications of Canine Bite Accidents in the Written Press, Gray and Scientific Literature in Chile and Spain, between the Years 2013 and 2017

“…Accidents due to animal bites are an important national and international public health problem, both due to their frequency and their health care requirements, affecting children and adults regardless of socioeconomic status [ 1 ]. The dog is the animal most frequently involved in this type of incident [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ].…”