Caracterização de ambientes aquáticos no rio de Ondas, cerrado baiano

Abstract

This work sought to characterize the types of environments present in the De Ondas River, with the aim of obtaining information on their structural complexity and supporting public policies for water resource management that will allow the shared water use and will protect the biodiversity of the river basin. The De Ondas River watershed is located in the Cerrado Region, in the western part of Bahia State, and covers an area of 5.559 km². In order to perform the characterization, two stretches were demarcated, one in the upper part of the basin and another in the lower. Afterwards, a topobathymetric survey was conducted, and characterizations of the bottom and of hydraulic properties were done for both the rainy and dry seasons. The topobathymetric survey in the upper course showed altitudes ranging from 699.82 m to 714.06, whereas in the lower course these varied from 439.45 m to 446.91 m. Bathymetric profiles allowed the visualization of the structure and distribution of the bottom of the channel environments. The granulometric analysis of the higher part of the basin showed that sand was predominant (88.94%), while in the lower part boulders (76.9%) and cobble (23.1%) predominated. In the higher part of the basin, the water flow varied from 5.20 m³s -1 (dry period) to 9.07 m³s -1 (rainy period); and in the lower part, from 25.73 m³s -1(dry period) to 66.44 m³s -1 (rainy period). The complexity of the environments of these stretches favors biological diversity in the river, resulting in different environments that aid aquatic species in adapting to the channel structure. The study of the physical characteristics of the De Ondas River produced a great amount of information regarding the microenvironments of the stretches examined, and will support studies related to aquatic biota and water resource management.

Application of bathymetry in water bodies in urban areas of the five Brazilian regions

“…Another relevant application is related to the conservation of aquatic biodiversity, exemplified in the Baía do Cumã, São Marcos, and São José in Maranhão (Lima, 2023, p. 33), especially in areas with frequent boat traffic, such as in Costa Branca, Rio Grande do Norte (Oliveira, 2015). Furthermore, bathymetry is valuable in water resource management, as evidenced in the Ondas River, Bahia (Castro et al, 2014). This management, when applied in medium and large reservoirs, integrating geoenvironmental and water data, provides effective control of water levels in regions with high demand and low supply, such as in the Brazilian semi-arid region, where the Sobradinho and Poço da Cruz reservoirs are located in Pernambuco (Bacalhau, 2022).…”

“…Another relevant application involved the production of the first bathymetric chart of the Edmundo Navarro de Andrade State Forest reservoir in Rio Claro, São Paulo, which included primary and secondary data (Cigagna;Bonotto;Sturaro, 2014). Bathymetric data has also been used to identify and locate contaminant sources in the Macaé River estuary, Rio de Janeiro (Parokin et al, 2015).…”

“…In these scenarios, the lack of detailed information on hydrodynamic and hydrometric aspects compromises the affected water bodies. The lack of understanding of river dynamics represents an additional risk for these events, which can result in significant environmental and economic damage to the community, as well as losses to aquatic biota (Castro et al, 2014). Two critical factors contributing to this lack of information are financial limitations and environmental conditions, in the physical context Pinto, 2020).…”