“…Prevailing temperature in the tropics is usually too high for productivity in chickens (Abioja et al, 2012). High environmental temperature negatively affects spermatogenesis in both mammalian (Bah, Chaughari, & Al-Amin, 2001;Ordas, Vahedi, Seidavi, & Rahati, 2015;Garcia-Oliveros et al, 2020) and avian species (Karaca, Parker, & McDaniel, 2002;Attia, El-Naggar, Abou-Shehema, & Abdella, 2019) during heat stress (HS). Poor fertility in broiler breeder eggs is mostly related to male birds, even though females may be responsible for the flock fertility decline (Hocking & Bernard, 2000;Habibian, Ghazi, Moeini, & Abdolmohammadi, 2014).…”