Caractéristiques des sites de mise bas de l'orignal (&lt;i&gt;Alces alces&lt;/i&gt;)

Chekchak, Tarik; Courtois, Réhaume; Ouellet, Jean‐Pierre; Breton, Laůrier; St-Onge, Sylvain

doi:10.1139/cjz-76-9-1663

Cited by 11 publications

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“…those elevations [47]. The selection of high elevations that we observed has been qualified as a wolf avoidance strategy for caribou [31], moose [48], elk (Cervus elaphus) [49] and pronghorn (Antilocarpa americana) [50].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Avoidance of roads and selection for recent cutovers by threatened caribou: fitness-rewarding or maladaptive behaviour?

et al. 2012

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The impact of anthropogenic disturbance on the fitness of prey should depend on the relative effect of human activities on different trophic levels. This verification remains rare, however, especially for large animals. We investigated the functional link between habitat selection of female caribou (Rangifer tarandus) and the survival of their calves, a fitness correlate. This top-down controlled population of the threatened forestdwelling caribou inhabits a managed forest occupied by wolves (Canis lupus) and black bears (Ursus americanus). Sixty-one per cent of calves died from bear predation within two months following their birth. Variation in habitat selection tactics among mothers resulted in different mortality risks for their calves. When calves occupied areas with few deciduous trees, they were more likely to die from predation if the local road density was high. Although caribou are typically associated with pristine forests, females selected recent cutovers without negative impact on calf survival. This selection became detrimental, however, as regeneration took place in harvested stands owing to increased bear predation. We demonstrate that human disturbance has asymmetrical consequences on the trophic levels of a food web involving multiple large mammals, which resulted in habitat selection tactics with a greater short-term fitness payoff and, therefore, with higher evolutionary opportunity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Avoidance of roads and selection for recent cutovers by threatened caribou: fitness-rewarding or maladaptive behaviour?

et al. 2012

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“…In some instances, fidelity is inferred based on the repeated use of the same exact location, while others extend their definition to encompass a larger calving area. For example, Chekchak et al (1998) found no repeated use of the same calving sites for eight females followed over 2 years in a park landscape, while Welch et al (2000) found apparent fidelity to calving areas in moose cows that successfully raised a calf the preceding years, but the magnitude of the average distance between successive calving sites (~2.6 km) raises questions about the level of fidelity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Fidelity to calving areas in moose (Alces alces) in the absence of natural predators

et al. 2007

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We used long-term monitoring (1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005) data from a moose (Alces alces (L., 1758)) population (i) to determine if moose cows are faithful to their calving sites and (ii) to examine the effect of previous recruitment success on calving-site fidelity. We generated null hypotheses from the distances between calving sites used by other individuals inside the home range of each cow. The calving sites used in successive years by individual cows were closer together (2.1 ± 0.2 km) than were calving sites used by other cows within their home range (3.9 ± 0.1 km; n = 30 cows, 148 sites). The former is similar to distances reported from areas where natural predators are present but females successfully weaned their calf or calves. We did not detect any effects of previous recruitment success, but the distances to the next calving sites of the only two cows that did not wean their calves (3.8 and 3.4 km) are analogous to values reported for cows that have lost their calf or calves to predators. Our data support the theory that fidelity to areas where parturition has been successful could be an evolutionary trade-off between reproductive success and risk of predation to maximize fitness. On an ecological scale, moose cows apparently perceived anthropogenic disturbances as a potential risk, influencing their choice of calving sites and ultimately their fidelity.Résumé : Le suivi à long terme (1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005) d'une population d'orignaux (Alces alces (L., 1758)) nous a permis (i) de vérifier si les orignales sont fidèles à leur site de parturition et (ii) d'examiner les effets du succès antérieur du recrutement sur la fidélité aux sites de parturition. Nous avons élaboré des hypothèses nulles d'après les distances entre les sites de parturition utilisés par les autres femelles dans le domaine vital de chaque orignale. Les sites de parturition successifs utilisés par chaque orignale sont plus rapprochés (2,1 ± 0,2 km) que ceux utilisés par d'autres orignales présentes dans leur domaine vital (3,9 ± 0,1 km; n = 30 orignales, 148 sites). Cette première distance est similaire à celles rapportées chez des orignales qui ont réussi à sevrer un jeune malgré la présence de prédateurs. Nous n'avons détecté aucun effet du succès antérieur du recrutement sur la fidélité aux sites de parturition. La distance du prochaine site de parturition chez deux orignales qui ont perdu leurs veaux avant le sevrage (3,8 and 3,4 km) sont similaires à celles d'orignales dont les veaux ont été tués par des prédateurs avant le sevrage. Nos résultats supportent la théorie selon laquelle la fidélité à une aire où la femelle a mis bas avec succès seraient une stratégie de compromis entre le succès reproductif et le risque de prédation pour maximiser sa valeur adaptative. Sur le plan écologique, les orignales semblent percevoir la présence humaine comme un risque potentiel, ce qui influence leur choix de site ...

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Linking trade-offs in habitat selection with the occurrence of functional responses for moose living in two nearby study areas

et al. 2012

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A species may modify its relative habitat use with changing availability, generating functional responses in habitat selection. Functional responses in habitat selection are expected to occur when animals experience trade-offs influencing their habitat selection, but only a few studies to date have explicitly linked functional responses to the underlying trade-offs faced by the animals. We used data from 39 female moose fitted with GPS telemetry collars in two nearby study areas in Canada to investigate if moose (1) were faced with a food/cover trade-off in habitat selection, as typically acknowledged in the literature, and (2) showed a functional response in their use of food/cover-rich habitats. We also examined how habitat selection patterns varied seasonally, and between study areas. The occurrence of functional responses varied strongly between study areas, and could not always be related to a measurable food/cover trade-off. Functional responses were observed more often in the study area where the environmental conditions were more severe (colder temperatures, higher precipitations, and lower food availability). Selection coefficients were also less variable among individuals in that study area, suggesting that severe environmental conditions may constrain individuals to a few selection tactics and promote the development of functional responses. Moose reacted to the availability of different habitat types in different seasons, reflecting the changing trade-offs faced by the animals. We found considerable behavioral differences between individuals from two adjacent study areas, and therefore recommend caution when extrapolating habitat selection results. We advocate for the wider use of functional responses to identify critical habitats for a species from a management or conservation perspective.

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Caractéristiques des sites de mise bas de l'orignal (<i>Alces alces</i>)

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Avoidance of roads and selection for recent cutovers by threatened caribou: fitness-rewarding or maladaptive behaviour?

Avoidance of roads and selection for recent cutovers by threatened caribou: fitness-rewarding or maladaptive behaviour?

Fidelity to calving areas in moose (Alces alces) in the absence of natural predators

Linking trade-offs in habitat selection with the occurrence of functional responses for moose living in two nearby study areas

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