Características morfo-anatômicas e bromatológicas de folhas de amoreira em relação às preferências do bicho-da-seda

Okamoto, Fumiko; Rodella, Roberto Antônio

doi:10.1590/s0100-204x2006000200003

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Em amoreira, altas percentagens de consumo de lagartas alimentadas com as cultivares Korin, Calabresa, IZ 5/2 e IZ 15/7 por B. mori foram relacionadas a características desejáveis das folhas, tais como, menor teor de fi bra bruta, menor quantidade de idioblástos de cistólito e de mucilagem, menor porção da epiderme e maior de parênquima (Okamoto & Rodella 2006). Outro fator que pode proporcionar aumento na taxa de consumo pelo inseto é a utilização de alimento nutricionalmente inadequado (Waldbauer 1968).…”

Section: Taxa De Consumo Relativo (Tcr)unclassified

Caracterização bromatológica de cultivares de amoreira, Morus spp., e determinação dos índices nutricionais de Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)

Meneguim¹,

Lustri²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2010

Neotrop. entomol.

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-The objective of this work was to assess, through consumption and utilization of natural food measurements, whether mulberry cultivars, Morus spp., could be recommended to rear the silkworm, Bombyx mori L., in a commercial scale. The mulberry cultivars Miura (standard), Korin and Tailandesa and the hybrids FM 3/3, FM 86, SK 1 and SK 4 were tested. Seventy fi ve fi fth-instar commercial hybrid larvae were individualized in gerbox® unities and maintained in a rearing room (25 ± 3ºC and 80 ± 10% RH).The mulberry leaves of each of the fi ve cultivars used to feed the silkworm larvae were submitted to bromatological analysis. The dry weight of larvae at the beginning and at the end of the fi fth instar, the food consumed and the feces eliminated were recorded to determine the following indexes: relative consumption rate (RCR), relative metabolic rate (RMR), relative growth rate (RGR), approximate digestibility (AD), effi ciency of conversion of ingested food (ECI), effi ciency of conversion of digested food (ECD), metabolic cost (MC). The bromatological composition analysis of mulberry leaf cultivars revealed that the hybrid SK 4 presented superior nutritional quality compared to the standard cultivar Miura, due to its higher content in crude protein and ethereal extract, and lower detergent fi ber content. The hybrid SK 4 was the most adequate food to the silkworm larvae because it was ingested in small amounts, thus providing good digestibility to the larvae, low metabolic cost, good growth rate and one of the highest effi ciencies in the conversion of the ingested food and ingested and digested in biomass.KEY WORDS: Silkworm, quantitative nutrition, nutritional index Na exploração sericícola, a qualidade e a quantidade de folhas de amoreira utilizadas na alimentação de Bombyx mori L. são de grande importância para o sucesso da atividade. Essas duas condições são necessárias para o fornecimento dos nutrientes indispensáveis ao desenvolvimento do bichoda-seda, à resistência das lagartas às doenças (Fonseca & Fonseca 1988) e a produção e qualidade de casulos (Cifuentes & Sohn 1998).O bicho-da-seda é um inseto altamente especializado que consome folhas de várias espécies de amoreira, porém, com graus diferentes de aproveitamento. Segundo Parra (1991), o consumo e a utilização do alimento pelos insetos estão relacionados, principalmente, as suas características físicas e químicas, e estas, por sua vez, podem variar com a cultivar e com fatores abióticos (Purohit & Kumar 1996). Portanto, a utilização de genótipos de amoreira mais adequados e a nutrição do amoreiral são fatores determinantes na qualidade nutricional das folhas a serem utilizadas na alimentação do bicho-da-seda, para a obtenção de alta produção e qualidade de casulos e, consequentemente, para aumento da efi ciência no processamento e no rendimento de seda crua.É fundamental disponibilizar aos sericicultores cultivares de amoreira nutricionalmente superiores, alternativas à cultivar Miura, considerada neste estudo como padrão, por ser a mais cult...

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Section: Taxa De Consumo Relativo (Tcr)unclassified

Caracterização bromatológica de cultivares de amoreira, Morus spp., e determinação dos índices nutricionais de Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)

Meneguim¹,

Lustri²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2010

Neotrop. entomol.

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“…Leaves of SK4 were found to have a higher nutrient content and were therefore better for feeding the larvae, providing good digestibility and a higher growth rate, as well as a relatively low consumption rate and metabolic cost. A study evaluating the morpho-anatomical features of leaves of different mulberry cultivars fed to domestic silkworms found that higher amounts of idioblasts, cystoliths, and epidermis, as well as a lower proportion of parenchyma, were the least desirable characteristics (Okamoto and Rodella, 2006). Leaves of the loquat Eriobotrya japonica Lindl., another member of the family Rosaceae, have unicellular non-glandular trichomes on both surfaces (abaxial and adaxial), as well as idioblasts containing calcium oxalate crystals, mucilage, and phenolic compounds (Souza et al, 2003).…”

Section: Larval Development On Two Blackberry Cultivarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herpetogramma bipunctalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) biology and techniques for rearing on leaves of the blackberry (Rubus spp., Rosaceae)

et al. 2013

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The larvae of the southern beet webworm Herpetogramma bipunctalis (Fabricius, 1794) damage the leaves of species in the plant genus Rubus. The present study investigated the biology of H. bipunctalis and developed a protocol for raising H. bipunctalis under laboratory conditions. On the basis of the biological data, we devised a life table. In order to develop the rearing procedures, we determined which oviposition substrate and blackberry cultivar were the most appropriate for larval development. The mean durations of the egg, larval, and pupal stages were 5.59 days, 26.37 days, and 13.37 days, respectively, and the corresponding survival rates were 80.83%, 49.07%, and 83.23%. The mean pupal weight was 0.0491 g for males and 0.0536 g for females. The mean life cycle (egg-to-adult) period was 45.33 days, and overall survival to adulthood was 33.01%. H. bipunctalis females laid a mean of 252.63 eggs over a mean of 13.60 days of oviposition; the mean pre-oviposition period was 2.67 days. Mean female and male life spans were 17.51 and 19.25 days, respectively, and the sex ratio was 0.51. The life-table data indicated that H. bipunctalis can reproduce 57.9 times per generation. Each cage contained one blackberry leaf placed on a paper towel. This method allowed us to obtain the greatest number of eggs. The larval stage was shorter for insects reared on leaves of the Guarani cultivar than for those reared on leaves of the Xavante cultivar (22.63 vs. 26.37 days). These basic data can aid in establishing strategies for the management of H. bipunctalis on blackberry farms.Keywords: Lepidoptera, Crambidae, blackberry pests, life cycle, rearing practices. Biologia e técnica de criação de Herpetogramma bipunctalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) em folhas de amoreira-preta (Rubus spp., Rosaceae) ResumoLagartas de Herpetogramma bipunctalis (Fabricius, 1794) causam danos nas folhas da amoreira-preta (Rubus spp.). O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar sua biologia e desenvolver uma técnica de criação, em condições de laboratório. Com os dados de biologia, foi elaborada uma tabela de vida de fertilidade. Para o estudo da técnica de criação, foram determinados o substrato para obtenção de ovos e a cultivar de amoreira-preta mais adequada para o desenvolvimento larval. A duração dos estágios de ovo, lagarta e pupa foram de 5,59, 26,37 e 13,37 dias, com sobrevivência de 80,83, 49,07 e 83,23%, respectivamente. O peso das pupas foi 0,0491 g para machos e 0,0536 g para fêmeas. O ciclo biológico (ovo-adulto) foi de 45,33 dias, com sobrevivência total de 33,01%. As fêmeas colocaram, em média, 252,63 ovos durante 13,60 dias, com um período de pré-oviposição de 2,67 dias. A longevidade média de fêmeas e machos foi de 17,51 e 19,25 dias, respectivamente, e a razão sexual, de 0,51. Por meio da tabela de vida de fertilidade, determinou-se uma capacidade de aumento de 57,9 vezes a cada geração. Gaiolas revestidas com papel toalha e com a presença de folhas de amoreira-preta propiciaram a obtenção de uma maior quantidade de ovos. A duração...

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“…The mulberry leaf is composed primarily of water, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, sterols, and minerals. The caterpillars of silkworm obtain the nutrients from the mulberry leaves to build up the body, sustain life, form cocoons, and reproduce [2,8]. Meeting nutritional requirements through food consumption has a direct impact on the gene expression of characteristics such as weight of the caterpillar and the cocoon, quantity and quality of the silk, and reproductive characteristics of moths [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced silk performance by enriching the silkworm diet with bordeaux mixture

et al. 2016

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This work evaluated the effect of different concentrations (5, 10, and 20%) of Bordeaux mixture (Bm) in the diet of the silkworm caterpillars in order to improve the cocoon production and structural and mechanical properties of the ensuing silk. The cocoon yield, tensile properties, and microstructure (X-ray diffraction, surface fracture, and qualitative composition) of the obtained silk fiber threads were determined. The mortality levels of caterpillars fed on mulberry leaves with Bm were up to 80% higher than the rates observed on caterpillars fed on non-treated leaves. The consumption of leaves decreased as the amount of Bm introduced to the caterpillars' diets was increased. However, the lower demand of leaves by caterpillars fed on leaves treated with 5 and 10% of Bm did not imply in obtaining lower cocoon productivity, as the raw silk rates were not different in comparison to the control group. The tensile strength and maximum strain of the fiber were greatly improved, whereas the toughness was not statistically improved by the presence of Bm in the diet. There was an increase in the concentration of Ca and Cu in the silk fiber threads treated with Bm, leading to higher crystallinity. If the cocoon producers were rewarded with an increase in cocoon quality, the application of Bm could be interesting, despite the increase in caterpillars' mortality.

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Características morfo-anatômicas e bromatológicas de folhas de amoreira em relação às preferências do bicho-da-seda

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

Caracterização bromatológica de cultivares de amoreira, Morus spp., e determinação dos índices nutricionais de Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)

Caracterização bromatológica de cultivares de amoreira, Morus spp., e determinação dos índices nutricionais de Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)

Herpetogramma bipunctalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) biology and techniques for rearing on leaves of the blackberry (Rubus spp., Rosaceae)

Enhanced silk performance by enriching the silkworm diet with bordeaux mixture

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