Car Occupant Death According to the Restraint Use of Other Occupants

Abstract

CAR OCCUPANT COULD BE killed if struck by another occupant who was catapulted forward, backward, or sideways in a crash. 1-3 We used a matched cohort study design to estimate the association between the death of a car occupant and the restraint use of another occupant in the same car. METHODS Matched Cohort Study Design Persons entered this cohort study when they crashed in a car. The study outcome was death within 30 days of the crash. We wished to adjust for potential confounding factors, such as crash speed and the ability of the vehicle to protect occupants. It is difficult to measure these variables accurately, and estimates of speed were often missing in the data we used. We therefore restricted our study to pairs of occupants who were in the same car when they crashed; these pairs were therefore matched in regard to all vehicle and crash characteristics, such as vehicle type, speed, crash location, and crash severity. A matched-pair cohort design eliminates confounding by all matched variables. 4-8 In addition, risk ratios (RRs) for death may be estimated for all pairs, including those in which both survived, using information only from pairs with at least 1 member who died. 4-8

The joint analysis of injury severity of drivers in two-vehicle crashes accommodating seat belt use endogeneity

“…Earlier studies have suggested that seat belt use reduces the risk of fatality by 45-60 percent when used by passenger car drivers (see, for example, Cummings et al, 2003, Cummings and Rivara, 2004, Evans 1986, and NHTSA, 2009). …”

O pediatra e a segurança no trânsito

“…41,44,46,52,53 The most common errors include models that are unsuitable to the childs size, inadequate installation on the vehicle seat, clearance between the seatbelt and the seat, inappropriate height of shoulder harnesses, unbuckled children, small children buckled to the vehicles seatbelt, infants being transported on the front seat facing the dashboard and incorrect position of the seatbelt, which hinders the proper restraint of older children.…”

“…Therefore, they should be used correctly. 53 As a result of inadequate transportation, traumas have dire consequences on children. If we consider body mass and surface, all children victimized by accidents possibly have a higher frequency of multiple organ injuries and a higher incidence of blunt trauma.…”

Avaliação do conhecimento dos pais sobre segurança no transporte de crianças em veículos automotores e motocicletas

“…Studies about it in the Brazilian literature are scarce considering the relevance of this topic (14) . Several studies that included vehicles involved in crashes found that the correct use of restraints, as well as the transportation of children in the rear seat, significantly reduces the risk of death and injuries due to accidents (5,15,25) . As a result of inadequate transportation, children may have major trauma in crashes.…”

“…There are potentially greater chances of multiple organ injury and a greater incidence of closed trauma, as well as greater potential risk of ejection from the vehicle, which makes head trauma the main cause of death in these cases (14,26) . There is also evidence that, to reduce morbidity and mortality in traffic accidents, all passengers should be using restraints correctly (25) . The transportation of children in motorcycles is a source of great concern, because over 30% of those that usually transport them in this type of vehicle do it incorrectly.…”