Capturing SCL and HR changes to win and loss events during gambling on electronic machines

Wilkes, B; Gonsalvez, Craig J.; Blaszczynski, Alex

doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2010.08.008

Cited by 55 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…On each trial, one of four outcomes were possible: four identical symbols constituted a Large win, yielding ten times the amount bet; Small wins were indicated by three identical symbols that occurred in sequence, yielding five times the amount bet; Nearwins occurred when one different symbol was inserted between three identical symbols, and no credits were returned; and Losses occurred when neither a win nor near-win occurred, with no credits returned. The probability of the three main outcome types (wins, losses, and near-wins) closely matched outcomes from a real EGM (Wilkes et al, 2010). Although presented randomly, an equal number of Near-win (15%) and Win (Small win: 7.5%; Large win: 7.5%) outcomes were presented, with the remaining trials being Losses (70%).…”

Section: Computer Taskmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…In real gambling, significant sums of money are wagered, won, and lost within a short period, whereas in previous laboratory-based studies (e.g., Lole et al, 2012;Wilkes et al, 2010), and the current study, rewards were capped and restricted to small amounts (movie voucher/s in the current study). Further, unlike real gambling, the participant does not suffer the risk of losing their own money, with losses often restricted to loss of free credits allocated to the research participant.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Can event-related potentials serve as neural markers for wins, losses, and near-wins in a gambling task? A principal components analysis

Lole

Gonsalvez

Barry

et al. 2013

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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Originally, the feedback related negativity (FRN) event-related potential (ERP) component was considered to be a robust neural correlate of non-reward/punishment processing, with greater negative deflections observed following unfavourable outcomes. More recently, it has been suggested that this component is better conceptualised as a positive deflection following rewarding outcomes. The current study sought to elucidate the nature of the FRN, as well as another component associated with incentive-value processing, the P3b, through application of a spatiotemporal principal components analysis (PCA). Seventeen healthy controls played a computer electronic gaming machine (EGM) task and received feedback on credits won or lost on each trial, and ERPs were recorded. The distribution of reward/non-reward outcomes closely matched that of a real EGM, with frequent losses, and infrequent wins and near-wins. The PCA revealed that feedback elicited both a frontally maximal negative deflection to losses, and a positive deflection to wins (which was also sensitive to reward magnitude), implying that the neural generator/s of the FRN are differentially activated following these outcomes. As expected, greater P3b amplitudes were found for wins compared to losses. Interestingly, near-wins elicited significantly smaller FRN amplitudes than losses (with no differences in P3b amplitude), and may contribute to the maintenance of gambling behaviours on EGMs. The results of the current study are integrated into a response profile of healthy controls to outcomes of varying incentive value. This may provide a foundation for the future examination of individuals who exhibit abnormalities in reward/ punishment processing, such as problem gamblers. The PCA revealed that feedback elicited both a frontally maximal negative deflection to losses, and a positive deflection to wins (which was also sensitive to reward magnitude), implying that the neural generator/s of the FRN are differentially activated following these outcomes. As expected, greater P3b amplitudes were found for wins compared to losses.Interestingly, near-wins elicited significantly smaller FRN amplitudes than losses (with no differences in P3b amplitude), and may contribute to the maintenance of gambling behaviours on EGMs. The results of the current study are integrated into a response profile of healthy controls to outcomes of varying incentive value. This may provide a foundation for the future examination of individuals who exhibit abnormalities in reward/punishment processing, such as problem gamblers.

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Section: Computer Taskmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Can event-related potentials serve as neural markers for wins, losses, and near-wins in a gambling task? A principal components analysis

Lole

Gonsalvez

Barry

et al. 2013

International Journal of Psychophysiology

Self Cite

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“…Lastly, Wilkes, Gonsalvez and Blaszczynski (2010) showed evidence that big wins reliably produce changes in electrodermal response that are associated with physiological arousal.…”

Section: Evidence On Big Wins Affecting Behaviormentioning

confidence: 98%

The Impact of Jackpots on EGM Gambling Behavior: A Review

Rockloff

Hing

2012

J Gambl Stud

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IntroductionThis paper reviews literature on how jackpots influence EGM gambling behaviour. Most of the available evidence addresses the motivational effect of the mere presence of EGM jackpots on play, as actual wins are relatively rare for individual gamblers. The review identifies a distinction between rational, biased and irrational motivations that attract people to EGM jackpots. The evidence suggests that EGM jackpots should generate additional consumption on EGMs above machines that do not have such lottery-like features. Rational motivations are likely to lead to consumer surplus, whereas biased and irrational motivations

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“…Additionally, respect to non-pathological gamblers it was observed that when a prize was attained, although changes in heart rate were no evidenced, an increase in skin conductance level was observed, compared with base line; further, no changes were shown when losses happened (Wilkes et al, 2010). However, according to two studies where pathological and non-patholgical gamblers were compared, respect to pathological gamblers it was observed that heart rate decreased both when a bet was won and when it was lost.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…On the other hand, it has been discovered that pathological gamblers have a hypo arousal tonic in addition of a phasic hypersensitivity to gain and a phasic hyposensitivity to loss, in comparison with nonpathological gamblers (Coventry & Constable, 1999;Goudriaan, Oosterlaan, de Beurs, & Van den Brink, 2004;Wilkes, Gonsalvez, & Blaszczynski, 2010). Additionally, respect to non-pathological gamblers it was observed that when a prize was attained, although changes in heart rate were no evidenced, an increase in skin conductance level was observed, compared with base line; further, no changes were shown when losses happened (Wilkes et al, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychophysiological arousal in different gambling phases in youngs and adolescents

Herrero-Fernández¹,

Estévez²,

Sarabia³

et al. 2017

HAAJ

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ResumenNowadays, gambling is increasing as a more frequent problem among the young people. In order to shed light about the physiological correlates of the three phases that were identified in the roulette gambling game (phase of betting, phase of watching the rotation of the roulette and phase of watching the final result), 24 participants, with no pathological gambling problems, participated in three attempts of this game. Heart rate, skin conductance level and skin conductance response were recorded. The resultsshowed that betting phase is the phase where highest arousal is experienced by the participants, followed by the phase of watching the rotation of the roulette. Likewise, it was verified that not getting the prize provokes a quick habituation that is evidenced in the decrease of the arousal in the second phase. Finally, clinical implications of the results are discussed.Keywords: Gambling, Heart rate, Skin conductance level, Skin conductance response, Habituation.En la actualidad, el juego de apuesta constituye un problema cada vez más grave entre la gente joven. Con el objetivo de arrojar luz sobre los correlatos fisiológicos de las tres fases identificadas en un juego de apuesta como es el de la ruleta (fase de apuesta, fase de ver girar la ruleta y fase de visualización del resultado), 24 participantes sin problemas de juego patológico llevaron a cabo tres ensayos de este juego, mientras se registraba la tasa cardiaca, el nivel de conductancia eléctrica de la piel y la respuesta de conductancia eléctrica de la piel. Los resultados mostraron que la fase que mayor activación genera es la de realización de la apuesta, seguida por la de ver girar la ruleta. Igualmente se vio que el hecho de no conseguir premio produce una brusca habituación que se evidencia en la caída del nivel de activación en la segunda fase. Se comentan las implicaciones clínicas de estos hallazgos.

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Capturing SCL and HR changes to win and loss events during gambling on electronic machines

Cited by 55 publications

References 40 publications

Can event-related potentials serve as neural markers for wins, losses, and near-wins in a gambling task? A principal components analysis

Can event-related potentials serve as neural markers for wins, losses, and near-wins in a gambling task? A principal components analysis

The Impact of Jackpots on EGM Gambling Behavior: A Review

Psychophysiological arousal in different gambling phases in youngs and adolescents

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