Capturing emotion reactivity through physiology measurement as a foundation for affective engineering in engineering design science and engineering practices

Steering a Ship - Investigating Affective State and Workload in Ship Simulations

“…Psychology presents emotion or affect as a set of variables that may moderate behaviour (Balters and Steinert, 2017). There are two main schools of thought when describing affect.…”

“…Affect is described as a construct made up of the combination of the two dimensions, arousal-sleepiness and pleasure-displeasure, see Figure 1. Several researchers have considered how stress might influence human performance (Westman and Eden, 1996;Healey and Picard, 2005;Balters and Steinert, 2017). Russell et al (1989) describe the construct of stress as the combination of arousal and displeasure.…”

“…Baltaci and Gokcay (2016) differentiates affective states from relaxation to stress through pupil dilation and facial temperature. For a more comprehensive overview we refer to Balters and Steinert (2017), Mauss and Robinson (2009) and Levenson (2014). Physiology sensors have the advantage of providing continuous data without interrupting the person being measured, as opposed to subjective measurements through surveys.…”

“…a change in measured voltage between two sensors placed on the chest translate into affect? We recommend reading Balters and Steinert (2017) for a more complete overview.…”

“…The notion of human centred design (Woodson and Conover, 1970;Sanders and McCormick, 1987) has existed since the 1960s. When considering humans in engineering, they are usually represented by generic models based on certain boundary conditions (Balters and Steinert, 2017). Models often represent the "average" human, with a general and stable behaviour response.…”