Captive-born collared peccary (Pecari tajacu, Tayassuidae) fails to discriminate between predator and non-predator models

Abstract

Captive animals may lose the ability to recognize their natural predators, making conservation programs more susceptible to failure if such animals are released into the wild. Collared peccaries are American tayassuids that are vulnerable to local extinction in certain areas, and conservation programs are being conducted. Captive-born peccaries are intended for release into the wild in Minas Gerais state, southeastern Brazil. In this study, we tested the ability of two groups of captive-born collared peccaries to recognize their predators and if they were habituated to humans. Recognition tests were performed using models of predators (canids and felids) and non-predators animals, as well as control objects, such as a plastic chair; a human was also presented to the peccaries, and tested as a separate stimulus. Anti-predator defensive responses such as fleeing and threatening displays were not observed in response to predator models. Predator detection behaviors both from visual and olfactory cues were displayed, although they were not specifically targeted at predator models. These results indicate that collared peccaries were unable to recognize model predators. Habituation effects, particularly on antipredator behaviors, were observed both with a one-hour model presentation and across testing days. Behavioral responses to humans did not differ from those to other models. Thus, if these animals were to be released into the wild, they should undergo anti-predator training sessions to enhance their chances of survival.

Successful predatory‐avoidance behaviour to lion auditory cues during soft‐release from captivity in cheetah

“…Captive cheetah had difficulty differentiating between control and treatment, showing no difference in behavioural response between these cues. One captive individual did distinguish between the con- Faria et al, 2018). One captive cheetah in this study approached the predatory cue and expressed aggressive behaviour towards this "larger predator," suggesting a lack of danger recognition, an inappropriate response that is at least partially the cause of high mortality after many reintroductions (Edwards et al, 2020;Rowell et al, 2020).…”

“…Reintroduction efforts are often unsuccessful with captive individuals dying soon after being released into the wild (McPhee & Carlstead, 2010;Smith & Blumstein, 2013). These individuals may fail to recognise and respond to predatory cues, resulting in the performance of maladaptive behaviours such as not seeking refuge from or aggression towards a larger predator (Magno De Faria et al, 2018;McPhee, 2004). Our study showed that when exposed to artificial auditory cues, semi-wild cheetah (i.e.…”

“…Behavioural studies carry inherent biases and limitations that must be considered when interpreting results. Throughout this study, learning behaviour was tested to avoid habituation between trials; however, there was no evidence to support such behaviour, which would likely have occurred over a longer period of trial exposure (Magno De Faria et al, 2018). Repeatability was also tested for all parameters to determine if behavioural responses could be linked to individual personality (Bell et al, 2009;Stoffel et al, 2017;Myers and Young 2018).…”

Discrimination of Acoustic Stimuli and Maintenance of Graded Alarm Call Structure in Captive Meerkats

“…Zoo animals may lose the ability to recognize their natural predators if they reside in zoos for several generations, making reintroduction programs potentially less successful. For example, captive-born collared peccary ( Pecari tajacu ) has been shown to fail in discriminating between predator and non-predator models [ 41 ]. Reduced anti-predator behavior may also occur in the wild, depending on suitable environmental conditions.…”

Animal Personality and Conservation: Basics for Inspiring New Research

“…For example, captive-born animals may lack the behavioral skills needed to survive after release, such as the ability to find food, shelter, or mates [34,35]. Sometimes captive-born animals cannot identify and respond to their predators [36,37]. Also, behavioral problems, such as the performance of abnormal behaviors may compromise individuals' survival after translocation [38][39][40].…”