Capsaicin-induced satiety is associated with gastrointestinal distress but not with the release of satiety hormones

Abstract

Background: Capsaicin, which is the major pungent principle in chili peppers, is able to induce satiety and reduce caloric intake. The exact mechanism behind this satiating effect is still unknown. We hypothesized that capsaicin induces satiety through the release of gastrointestinal peptides, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY), from enteroendocrine cells in the small intestine. Objective: We investigate the effects of an intraduodenal capsaicin infusion (1.5 mg pure capsaicin) in healthy volunteers on hunger, satiety, and gastrointestinal symptoms and the release of GLP-1 and PYY. Design: Thirteen participants (7 women) [mean 6 SEM age: 21.5 6 0.6 y; body mass index (in kg/m 2 ): 22.8 6 0.6] participated in this single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study with 2 different treatments. During test days, an intraduodenal infusion of either capsaicin or a placebo (physiologic saline) was performed with the use of a nasoduodenal catheter over a period of 30 min. Visual analog scale scores were used to measure hunger, satiety, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Blood samples were drawn at regular intervals for GLP-1 and PYY. Gallbladder volumes were measured with the use of real-time ultrasonography. Results: The intraduodenal capsaicin infusion significantly increased satiety (P-treatment effect , 0.05) but also resulted in an increase in the gastrointestinal symptoms pain (P-treatment 3 time interaction , 0.0005), burning sensation (P-treatment 3 time interaction , 0.0001), nausea (P-treatment 3 time interaction , 0.05), and bloating (P-treatment 3 time interaction , 0.001) compared with the effects of the placebo infusion. Satiety scores had a positive correlation with all gastrointestinal symptoms. No differences in GLP-1 and PYY concentrations and gallbladder volumes were observed after the capsaicin infusion compared with after the placebo infusion. Conclusions: An intraduodenal infusion of capsaicin significantly increases satiety but does not affect plasma concentrations of GLP-1 and PYY. Rather, the effect on satiety seems related to gastrointestinal stress as shown by the associations with pain, burning sensation, nausea, and bloating scores. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01667523.Am J Clin Nutr 2016;103:305-13.

Black pepper-based beverage induced appetite-suppressing effects without altering postprandial glycaemia, gut and thyroid hormones or gastrointestinal well-being: a randomized crossover study in healthy subjects

“…35 However, our results on gastrointestinal well-being are discordant with a previous study by van Avesaat et al on pungent spices using capsaicin as a regiment. 36 Their study showed that intra-duodenal capsaicin delivery affects satiety and gastrointestinal stress while it had no impact on postprandial PYY and GLP-1 release. 36 Thus, they inferred that the satiety-inducing mechanism of capsaicin may not be related to gut hormone secretion but to the perceived spiciness and gastrointestinal stress.…”

“…36 Their study showed that intra-duodenal capsaicin delivery affects satiety and gastrointestinal stress while it had no impact on postprandial PYY and GLP-1 release. 36 Thus, they inferred that the satiety-inducing mechanism of capsaicin may not be related to gut hormone secretion but to the perceived spiciness and gastrointestinal stress. 36 We instead showed that neither the BPB nor the control beverage affected 'abdominal pain', 'stomach rumbling', 'flatulence', 'abdominal bloating', 'acid reflux', 'nausea' and 'urge to vomit' ratings.…”

Review article: transient receptor potential channels as possible therapeutic targets in irritable bowel syndrome

“…Studies investigating the expression patterns of TRPV1 in mice have demonstrated the channel's presence along the entire gastrointestinal tract . Although human studies are more scarce, the expression of TRPV1 in the oesophagus and colon is now well documented, and the channel is suspected to be present in the human small intestine as well . Immunostaining of human colon biopsies has demonstrated TRPV1‐positive fibres throughout the mucosa, with a particular abundance in the submucosal plexus .…”

Physiological process of fat loss

“…The best way to eat legumes would be to eat the whole grains (Earthman et al 2012). Not only is flax oil rich in omega-3 but it also is found to lower cholesterol (van Avesaat et al 2016).…”