Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus Is Associated with Renal Lesions

Abstract

Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) is a monocyte/macrophage-tropic lentivirus that primarily infects goats resulting in a well-recognized set of chronic inflammatory syndromes focused on the joint synovium, tissues of the central nervous system, pulmonary interstitium and mammary gland. Clinically affected animals generally manifest with one or more of these classic CAEV-associated tissue lesions; however, CAEV-associated renal inflammation in goats has not been reported in the peer-reviewed literature. Here we describe six goats with chronic, multisystemic CAEV infections in conjunction with CAEV-associated renal lesions. One of the animals had CAEV antigen-associated thrombotic arteritis resulting in infarction of both the kidney and heart. These goats had microscopic evidence of inflammatory renal injury (interstitial nephritis) with detectable renal immunolabeling for CAEV antigen in three of six animals and amplifiable proviral sequences consistent with CAEV in all six animals. Cardiac lesions (vascular, myocardial or endocardial) were also identified in four of six animals. Within the viral promoter (U3) region, known transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) were generally conserved, although one viral isolate had a duplication of the U3 A region encoding a second gamma-activated site (GAS). Despite the TFBS conservation, the isolates demonstrated a degree of phylogenetic diversity. At present, the clinical consequence of CAEV-associated renal injury is not clear.

The Prevalence of Histopathological Features of Pneumonia in Goats with Symptomatic Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis

“…This allows us to assume that interstitial lesions are likely a manifestation of CAE. A negative result and variable intensity of IHC staining may result from the limited expression of viral antigen within the lesion, assay validity [48], fixation technique, and genetic differences of SRLV isolates [49]. Nevertheless, whether the high prevalence of CIP in goats with symptomatic CAE can be attributed solely to SRLV infection or is, at least to some extent, associated with concurrent chronic infections with other pathogens, including Mycoplasma spp., needs to be clarified.…”

“…Lung specimens from 30 randomly selected goats were further evaluated by an immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay to detect SRLV p28 capsid antigen [48]. After dewaxing in xylene and rehydration in alcohols, the slides were microwaved in 0.02 M citrate buffer, pH 6.0, at 600 Watt for 12 min and then treated with 3% hydrogen dioxide solution for 10 min.…”

Mastitis in goats – a still current problem

“…Proces chorobowy może jednak rozprzestrzenić się na wymię, co prowadzi do powstawania ropni w tkance wymienia i jego ropnego zapalenia. Proces chorobowy może trwać wiele tygodni i prowadzić do skrajnego wyniszczenia zwierzęcia (44).…”

“…CAE diagnozowana jest niezależnie od wieku zwierząt. U koźląt młodych (2-4-miesięcznych), często dochodzi do zaburzeń ze strony centralnego układu nerwowego w postaci zapalenia mózgu (44). Wówczas objawem klinicznym u chorych zwierząt są trudności w poruszaniu się, apatia, porażenia zadu.…”

Purificación y evaluación de la proteína p25 como antígeno recombinate en la dectección del virus de la artritis encefalitis caprina (AEC)

“…Sin embargo, la diseminación también se presenta a través del semen en los machos (Ledezma et al, 2022;Ahmad et al, 2012;Martínez et al, 2006). Las principales manifestaciones de la enfermedad por el virus de la artritis encefalitis caprina es una inflamación crónica de las articulaciones cárpales y tarsales, junto con el endurecimiento de las ubres (Murphy et al, 2021;Sáenz, 2006). Por ésta razón, las pérdidas económicas en la producción caprina se ven reflejadas cuando se realizan importaciones y éstos dan positivo a las pruebas serológicas, por lo que los animales afectados son sacrificados.…”