“…Although scanty, most of the studies conducted focused mainly on the developed countries (see, inter alia , Juselius, 1991; Johansen and Juselius, 1992; Caporale et al , 2001; Juselius and MacDonald, 2003, 2004; Giannellis and Koukouritakis, 2017). However, after the outbreak of the crisis in 2008, few studies were conducted in case of EMEs (see, inter alia , Ozmen and Gokcan, 2004; Rashid, 2009; Keblowski and Welfe, 2010, 2012; Ozimkovska and Kubielas, 2013; Koukouritakis, 2013; Giannellis and Koukouritakis, 2013; Prabheesh and Garg, 2018; Grabowski and Welfe, 2019).…”