Capillary Zone Electrophoresis and Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography for Determining Water‐Soluble Vitamins in Commercial Capsules and Tablets

Abstract

A rapid method was developed for simultaneously determining thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, and ascorbic acid. It was tested on 15 samples. The peaks of all components were cleanly separated with good resolution by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MECC). CZE was performed with 0.02 M borate buffer, and MECC was performed with 4% acetonitrile in 0.02 M borate/phosphate buffer containing 0.1 M sodium dodecyl sulfate. Average recoveries for all components were 80.3% to 103.7% with coefficients of variation being less than 5%. Thiamine, nicotinic acid, and pyridoxine contents were consistent with those labeled on the packages, but nicotinamide, riboflavin, and ascorbic acid contents of some samples were less.

The Quantitative Analysis of Thiamin and Riboflavin and Their Respective Vitamers in Fermented Alcoholic Beverages

“…Fluorescence detection has commonly been employed in the analysis of thiamin and riboflavin because of its sensitivity and its relatively low cost. − Unlike riboflavin, thiamin does not naturally fluoresce and requires derivatization to the highly fluorescent compound thiochrome. This procedure has been well described in the past by a variety of authors for spectrophotometric assays, − capillary electrophoresis , and HPLC analysis. ,− Since the reaction of thiamin to thiochrome occurs in alkaline conditions, thiochrome derivatives cannot be directly introduced into a HPLC system and need to be neutralized preinjection or the derivatization needs to occur postcolumn . However postcolumn derivatization requires an additional pump that works in precise unison with the main HPLC pump .…”

“…28À30 Unlike riboflavin, thiamin does not naturally fluoresce and requires derivatization to the highly fluorescent compound thiochrome. This procedure has been well described in the past by a variety of authors for spectrophotometric assays, 31À35 capillary electrophoresis 36,37 and HPLC analysis. 16,38À47 Since the reaction of thiamin to thiochrome occurs in alkaline conditions, thiochrome derivatives cannot be directly introduced into a HPLC system and need to be neutralized preinjection 48 or the derivatization needs to occur postcolumn.…”

CHAPTER 15. Spectrofluorimetric Analysis of Vitamin B1 in Pharmaceutical Preparations, Bio-fluid and Food Samples

“…A number of analytical methods have been reported for the determination of vitamin B 1 including gravimetric (Vannatta and Harris 1959), adsorptive polarographic assay , adsorptive voltammetric (AboulKasim 2000), cathodic stripping voltammetry (Ciszewski and Wang 1992), ion square wave voltammetric analysis (Jiang and Sun 2007), potentiometric determination (Chang and Wang 2006;Jing et al 2003), electrochemical analysis (Wan et al 2002), thin-layer chromatography (Diaz et al 1993;Ponder et al 2004), gas chromatography (Echols et al 1980;Velisek et al 1986), capillary electrophoresis (Mrestani and Neubert 2000;Su et al 2001), high performance liquid chromatography (Bohrer et al 2004;He et al 2005;Marszalz et al 2005;Sanchez-Machado et al 2004;Tang et al 2006), liquid chromatography (Mancinelli et al 2003;Zafra-Gomez et al 2006), spectrofluorimetric analysis (Feng et al 2004;Ni and Cai 2005;Tabrizi 2006;Zou and Chen 2007), spectrophotometric determination (Ghasemi and Abbasi 2005;Rocha et al 2003;Tian and Zhang 2005), ultraviolet spectrophotometry (Lopez-de-Alba et al 2006;Ozdemir and Dinc 2004).…”

Sensitive and highly selective determination of vitamin B1 in the presence of other vitamin B complexes using functionalized gold nanoparticles as fluorophore

“…[8][9][10] Especially, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have received much attention because of their shape and size dependant optical properties and quantum connement effects. 11 Several methods have been used for the determination of thiamine which include spectrophotometry, 12,13 spectro-uorimetry, [14][15][16][17] high performance liquid chromatography, [18][19][20] chemiluminescence, 21 capillary electrophoresis 22,23 and electrochemical analysis 24,25 Among them, the spectrouorimetry method has several advantages over other methods which include high sensitivity, selectivity and reproducibility. Even though, the reported papers were detected micro and nanomolar level of thiamine, they failed to achieve high selectivity.…”