Capillary Permeability to Plasma Proteins

Aw, Asscher; Jh, Jones

doi:10.1136/pgmj.41.477.425

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…gamma globulins can pass through the skin capillaries into the interstitial fluid. (47)(48)(49) Recently, serum IgE and IL-2 levels significantly decreased in patients having skin dermatoses after Alhijamah, which confirms their excretion in the cupped blood. (50) Methodology described in this study was the triple S technique (Alhijamah) not traditional WCT although the authors mistakenly described it as Chinese WCT.…”

Section: Bmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…β-lipoproteins were reported to pass through the fenestrated pores of the skin capillaries out to the skin interstitial fluids, (47)(48)(49) which may facilitate their excretion through Al-hijamah as evidenced by previous studies. (11)(12)(47)(48)(49) Excretion through the renal glomeruli is limited to hydrophilic substances while excretion through Al-hijamah includes both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances e.g. cholesterol and triglycerides.…”

Section: Bmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Ameliorating Role Exerted by Al-Hijamah in Autoimmune Diseases : Effect on Serum Autoantibodies and Inflammatory Mediators

Baghdadi

Abdelaziz²,

Ahmed

et al. 2015

IJHS

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Autoimmune diseases have common properties characterized by abnormal blood chemistry with high serum autoimmune antibodies, and inflammatory mediators. Those causative pathological substances (CPS) cannot be excreted by physiological mechanisms. Current treatments for autoimmune diseases involve steroids, cytotoxic drugs, plasmapheresis and monoclonal antibodies. Wet cupping therapy (WCT) of prophetic medicine is called Al-hijamah that treats numerous diseases having different etiology and pathogenesis via a pressure-dependent and size-dependent non-specific filtration then excretion of CPS causing clearance of blood and interstitial fluids. Al-hijamah clears blood passing through the fenestrated skin capillaries. Medical bases of Al-hijamah were reported in the evidence-based Taibah mechanism (Taibah theory). Al-hijamah was reported to be an excellent treatment for rheumatoid arthritis that improved patients' blood chemistry and induced significant clinical improvement and pharmacological potentiation. Al-hijamah improved the natural immunity and suppressed the pathological immunity through decreasing the serum level of autoantibodies, inflammatory mediators, and serum ferritin (a key player in autoimmunity). Al-hijamah reduced significantly pain severity, number of swollen joints and disease activity with no significant side effects. Main steps of Al-hijamah are skin suction (cupping), scarification (sharatmihjam in Arabic) and second suction (triple S technique) that is better therapeutically than the traditional WCT (double S technique). Whenever an excess noxious substance is to be removed from patients' blood and interstitial fluids, Al-hijamah is indicated.Shartatmihjam is a curative treatment in prophetic teachings according to the prophetic hadeeth: "Cure is in three: in shartatmihjam, oral honey and cauterization. I do not recommend my nation to cauterize".Al-hijamah may have better therapeutic benefits than plasmapheresis. Al-hijamah may be promising in treating autoimmune diseases as a sole treatment or adjuvant treatment.

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Section: Bmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Bmentioning

confidence: 95%

Ameliorating Role Exerted by Al-Hijamah in Autoimmune Diseases : Effect on Serum Autoantibodies and Inflammatory Mediators

Baghdadi

Abdelaziz²,

Ahmed

et al. 2015

IJHS

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“…Although Starling's original hypothesis, that the exchange of water and electrolytes across the capillary wall is dependent upon the intravascular situation of the plasma proteins, still holds good, it has now become apparent that there is normally a considerable exchange of protein between the vessels and the extravascular spaces [Review by Asscher and Jones, 1965]. The protein leak in the medullary vessels, however, is rapid and massive, and the labelled protein appears in large amounts in the extravascular tissues in a matter of minutes or even seconds after the injection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extravascular Protein in the Renal Medulla

Moffat¹

1969

Exp Physiol

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The permeability to protein of the vessels of the renal medulla in the rat was studied by intravenous injection of Evans' Blue or fluorescent-labelled serum, followed by perfusion of the whole vascular system with saline. The vessels of the inner medulla and the vasa recta of the vascular bundles of the outer medulla were found to be rapidly and freely permeable to protein. Electron microscopy, after the injection of ferritin, Thorotrast or colloidal gold, showed the vessels probably concerned in the protein leak to be ascending vasa recta and the capillaries of the medulla. The findings support suggestions that extravascular albumen is important in the process of concentration of the urine.THERE is considerable evidence for the existence of a large pool of exchangeable albumen in the kidney, and the results of a number of studies suggest that much of this is extravascular. This has been shown by the many workers who have used radioactive albumen and labelled red cells to investigate the relative distribution of cells and plasma in the kidney Collings and Swann, 1958;Lassen et al., 1958;Goldberg and Lilienfield, 1963;Ochwadt, 1963;Chinard et al., 1964]. More recently, Giirtner et al. [1968] have investigated the problem using 1311 albumen and polyvinylpyrrolidon to follow the fate of large molecules. They found a rapid loss of protein from post-glomerular vessels; 50 per cent of extravascular protein exchanged in 12 minutes -a very rapid rate of exchange compared to that of other organs. Pinter [1967], using isotope-labelled chylomicrons as an indicator of intravascular plasma space, found a large quantity of extravascular albumen in the kidney, equivalent to 31 per cent of the total renal albumen.A more direct method was that of Slotkoff and Lilienfield [1967] who injected 131I albumen and 51Cr red cells into dogs and then perfused the vascular system with dextran to clear the vessels of blood. They found a significantly higher proportion of albumen than of red cells remaining in the kidney, presumably indicating an extravascular albumen pool.Attempts to visualize the extravascular albumen directly have met with conflicting results. Pomerantz et al. [1965], using fluorescin-labelled albumen in rats, found that fluorescence microscopy showed extravascular protein, particularly in the medulla, as little as 40 seconds after the injection. Carone et al. [1963, 1967], on the other hand, found albumen only within the vessels. Wilde and Vorburger [1967], who used Evans' Blue in hamsters, described and illustrated extravascular dye in freeze-dried kidneys embedded in Epon. A number of other authors who have used Evans' Blue to study the renal circulation have noticed staining of the kidneys as an incidental 60

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