Capillary microextraction: A new method for sampling methamphetamine vapour

Nair, Mansa; Miskelly, Gordon M.

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.09.020

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Compared with other VOC collection and detection studies such as the dynamic SPME method, the GTL interface required less gas, consuming only 300 mL, whereas the SPME method required 10 L. The GTL mass yields were comparable to those of the SPME method, which was able to detect ATS when their concentrations of >40 µg were present [15]. The CME method outperformed the GTL method and was more sensitive, but it did require larger volumes of gas [16]. The GTL interface using a liquid capture system does allow for the GTL extractions to be analysed by a broader range of forensic instrumentation.…”

Section: Methodology Limitations and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The CME technique consisted of PDMS-coated glass filter strips inside a glass tube that were used dynamically to detect ATS vapour in areas, where the vapour concentration ranged between 0.4 and 4.2 µg m −3 . The CME analysed by GCMS fitted with a thermal desorption unit produced good reproducibility and was found to be approximately 30 times more sensitive than the dynamic SPME method [16]. Similar in principle to SPME, scent transfer units have also been developed that combine a vacuum mounted behind an absorbent gauze pad that draws large volumes of air through the pad, which can then be stored, thermally desorbed and analysed by standard forensic techniques [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of a Microfluidic Gas-to-Liquid Interface for Extraction of Target Amphetamines and Precursors from Air Samples

et al. 2020

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The investigation of clandestine laboratories poses serious hazards for first responders, emergency services, investigators and the surrounding public due to the risk of exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) used in the manufacture of illicit substances. A novel gas sampling interface using open microfluidic channels that enables the extraction of VOCs out of the gas phase and into a liquid, where it can be analysed by conventional detection systems, has recently been developed. This paper investigates the efficiency and effectiveness of such a gas-to-liquid (GTL) extraction system for the extraction of amphetamine-type substances (ATS) and their precursors from the vapour phase. The GTL interface was evaluated across a range of different ATS and their precursors (methamphetamine, dimethylamphetamine, N-formylmethamphetamine, benzaldehyde, phenyl-2-propanone, ephedrine and pseudoephedrine) at concentrations ranging between 10 and 32 mg m−3. These gas samples were produced by a gas generation system directly in Tedlar® bags and gas canisters for controlled volume sampling. When using gas sampled from Tedlar® bags, four of the seven compounds were able to be extracted by the GTL interface, with the majority of the VOCs having extraction yields between 0.005% and 4.5%, in line with the results from an initial study. When samples were taken from gas canisters, only benzaldehyde was able to be detected, with extraction efficiencies between 0.2% and 0.4%. A custom-built mount for the GTL interface helped to automate the extraction process, with the aim of increasing extraction efficiency or reducing variability. However, the extraction efficiency did not improve when using this accessory, but the procedure did become more efficient. The results from the study indicated that the GTL interface could be employed for the collection of gaseous ATS and incorporated into mobile detection systems for onsite collection and analysis of volatile compounds related to ATS manufacture.

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Section: Methodology Limitations and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a Microfluidic Gas-to-Liquid Interface for Extraction of Target Amphetamines and Precursors from Air Samples

et al. 2020

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“…This method involved the sampling of methamphetamine vapours using a laboratory based method with a SPME field sampler and analysis by GC-MS [20]. This methodology has been further refined [21,22] adapting a method using a capillary microextraction (CME) device with larger surface area [23] to enable a lower level of detection to be achieved. However, both sampling methods require analysis within 5 days and neither method is commercially available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current practices underestimate environmental exposures to methamphetamine: inhalation exposures are important

Wright

Symons²,

Angell³

et al. 2020

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Current practice for determining the exposure to methamphetamine in contaminated homes relies on the analysis of surface wipe sample to address direct contact exposures. The movement of methamphetamine into the air phase, and the potential for inhalation exposures to occur within residential homes contaminated from former clandestine manufacture or smoking of methamphetamine has been generally poorly characterised and understood. All available risk-based guidelines for determining safe levels of methamphetamine in residential properties do not include any consideration of the inhalation pathway as an exposure route. This study showed that methamphetamine can readily move from contaminated materials in a home into the air phase. This movement of methamphetamine into the air phase provides both an exposure pathway and a mechanism for the transfer of methamphetamine throughout a property. The inhalation exposure pathway has the potential to result in significant intake of methamphetamine, adding to dermal absorption and ingestion exposure routes. Guidelines that are established for the assessment of methamphetamine contaminated properties that ignore inhalation exposures can significantly underestimate exposure and result in guidelines that are not adequately protective of health. This study also demonstrates that sampling methamphetamine in air can be undertaken using commercially available sorption tubes and analytical methods.

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“…The analysis of headspace compounds by CMV-GC-MS has been used to sample forensic samples such as explosives resides, gunshot residues and controlled substances [90,[93][94][95]. Additionally, Nair and Miskelly used capillary microextraction devices for sampling methamphetamine vapor [96]. The analysis of VOCs by CMV is a dynamic headspace sampling method; therefore, there is no direct sample interaction and negligible loss of mass to the heroin samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting the Geographic Origin of Heroin by Multivariate Analysis of Elemental Composition and Strontium Isotope Ratios

DeBord¹

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Capillary microextraction: A new method for sampling methamphetamine vapour

Cited by 13 publications

References 25 publications

Application of a Microfluidic Gas-to-Liquid Interface for Extraction of Target Amphetamines and Precursors from Air Samples

Application of a Microfluidic Gas-to-Liquid Interface for Extraction of Target Amphetamines and Precursors from Air Samples

Current practices underestimate environmental exposures to methamphetamine: inhalation exposures are important

Predicting the Geographic Origin of Heroin by Multivariate Analysis of Elemental Composition and Strontium Isotope Ratios

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