Capillary electrophoresis of inorganic ions: An update

Abstract

This review as a sequel of three earlier similar reports gives a summary of the progress and significant methodological developments, starting from 2002, in the use of capillary electrophoresis (CE) for inorganic ion analysis. As substantiated by the illustrative number of relevant references, improvements in sensitivity achieved both in and outside a CE system, advances in manipulating the separation selectivity, novel hardware configurations, and system performance innovations are continually being reported over the review period. Specifically viewed are the recent advancements in elemental (bio)speciation analysis, which remains one of the most fertile areas of CE research, as well as in three recently booming research topics: contactless conductivity detection, separations on microchips, and transient isotachophoretic preconcentration. A state-of-the-art picture of technique's potentialities within the field of interest presented here demonstrates that CE has become recognized and is growing in acceptance as a reliable alternative to traditional analytical methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Capillary Electrophoresis in Nanotechnologies versus Nanotechnologies in Capillary Electrophoresis

“…The group of applications has also widened markedly. The applications of CE are covering huge number of analytes from inorganic ions [4][5][6][7][8] and organic molecules [9][10][11] to biomolecules such as proteins [12][13][14] and DNA [15][16][17]. The golden era of CE was in 1990s, during the Human Genome Project [18].…”

Portable capillary-based (non-chip) capillary electrophoresis

“…Miniaturized and portable (hand-held) mass spec-trometers have already been described [140][141][142], but miniaturized CE-MS or P-CE-MS has yet to arrive, as the miniaturized MS detectors require further development for easy use in portable systems. Coupling of CE with other detectors {e.g., NMR [143,144] and ICP-MS [145,146]} is not suited to miniaturization for the foreseeable future, despite the increasing use of CE-ICP-MS for inorganic speciation [147,148].…”

Bioanalytical profile of the l-arginine/nitric oxide pathway and its evaluation by capillary electrophoresis

“…The capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) is the most simple and convenient method which is widely used for separation of inorganic ions [234][235][236][237] and small biomolecules [238], and even both categories simultaneously [239]. Because nitrite and nitrate are easily accessible to CZE, this methodology became a generally employed HPCE technique to analyze these anions in biological samples.…”