Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry for impurity profiling of basic pharmaceuticals using non-volatile background electrolytes

Wijk, A. M. van; Muijselaar, Pim G.; Stegman, K.; Jong, Gerhardus J. de

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2007.05.070

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…This method was successfully applied to the CE-MS analysis of a mixture of antihistamines. Another approach using nonvolatile buffer components was designed for use in the analysis of impurities in pharmaceuticals by CE-MS (66). Buffer composition (concentration of TRIS and pH), liquid sheath composition, and nebulizer gas pressure were explored as parameters to optimize the separation and limits of detection for various test compounds.…”

Section: Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capillary Electrophoresis in Bioanalysis

2008

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Science reports ∼4800 hits on capillary electrophoresis (CE) including 410 reviews. Because of the prominence of CE techniques in bioanalysis, we decided make them the focus of this review and selected 200 hundred papers representing advances in this field. The selected papers cover advances in CE theory, instrumentation, and methodologies that are specific to various analytes of biological origin or relevance. The group of analytes includes nucleic acids, proteins and peptides, carbohydrates, lipids, single cells, and bioparticles. In addition, we have included advances in the use of CE to define functional assays or to investigate biomolecular interactions. The use of microfabricated devices for CE analysis was not included because this is already covered in other review. Technique Developments Separation SchemesDetermining the velocity of the electroosmotic flow (EOF) and how it changes during an electrophoretic separation is still an important research topic. A simple method for EOF measurements using so-called thermal marks was reported (1). Here, a tungsten filament caused punctual heating at the capillary wall and caused a perturbation in the electrolyte concentration. A sequence of these "thermal marks" then migrated with the EOF until each mark reached and was detected by a conductivity detector. The feasibility of using thermal marks as internal EOF standards in different separation systems was thereby demonstrated.Isoelectric focusing separates amphoteric analytes such as proteins or peptides by the differences in their isoelectric points. Most of the reports on capillary isoelectric focusing (cIEF) describe an initial focusing phase after which the focused zones are mobilized and detected. A dynamic cIEF method for protein analysis was reported (2). This technique made it possible to control each protein's position and focused width by moving the pH gradient within the capillary through manipulation of the electric fields. An important advantage of this approach is the capability of collecting focused analytes from the central section, suggesting that there may be great potential for introducing selectively focused proteins to a second separation dimension such as LC or CE.Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) is typically incompatible with electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) because the nonvolatile surfactants in the micellar phase result in complicated adduct formation and loss of sensitivity during the electrospray process and because the presence of the organic solvent needed for electrospray may cause instability in the micellar phase. These drawbacks were overcome by using synthetic polymeric surfactants that can work as a pseudostationary phase and provide stable electrospray (3). The polymeric surfactant was made by polymerizing three amino acidderived (L-leucinol, L-isoleucinol, L-valinol) sulfated chiral surfactants. These polymeric

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Section: Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capillary Electrophoresis in Bioanalysis

2008

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“…In this case, one task of the SL is dilution/replacement of these non-ESI-compatible counterionsso SLs with volatile ESI-compatible electrolyte ingredients are preferred. An example for this situation is described in the work published by van Wijk et al [52]. Whereas in most cases, dilution of the capillary effluent due to an SL is seen as a weak point of sheath-flow interfaces for CE-MS coupling, this effect is advantageous when non-ESI-compatible BGEs are used.…”

Section: Sheath-liquid Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A possibility to overcome or (at least) minimize this problem (when SL and BGE contain different counterions) is applying some pressure to the separation capillary inlet, thereby creating a forced flow out of the capillary end, preventing such backflow phenomena [52]. In the case of separations with zero EOF, even SL flow rates have to be considered as encountered by Soga and Heiger in their work on the analysis of amino acids by CE-ESI-MS [53].…”

Section: Sheath-liquid Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many of these BGEs such as phosphate-, borate-, or tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane (TRIS)-based electrolyte systems (just to name a few) are very popular due to their excellent performance with respect to separation and peak shapes. van Wijk et al [52] investigated the impact of the SL on the separation obtained for four pharmaceutical compounds and an unknown impurity employing different BGE systems, some of them containing non-ESI-compatible ingredients. This situation implies that in order to enhance the quality of MS signals by improving the ESI compatibility of the system, SLs containing volatile salts or acids have to be employed.…”

Section: Sheath-liquid Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sheath Liquids in CE-MS: Role, Parameters, and Optimization

Klampfl

Himmelsbach

2016

Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry (CE-MS): Principles and Applications

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“…Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is considered as an alternative to HPLC for drug quality control due to its high separation efficiency, low sample amount, short run time and avoidance of toxic organic solvent. In recent years, UV [14][15][16], laser-induced fluorescence [17] and MS [18] coupled with CE have attracted increasing interest in impurity profiling. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) using tris(2,2 -bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy) 3 2+ ) system has been extensively studied [19] and proved to be an ideal detector for CE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%