Capillaroscopy and the measurement of capillary pressure

Shore, Angela C.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.2000.00278.x

Cited by 121 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Accordingly, the glomerular capillaries are usually exposed to much higher and more pulsatile pressure than the capillaries of other organs (such as skeletal muscles), since the latter normally show a lower and nearly steady pressure (≈ 15 mmHg) (Shore 2000). Fig.…”

Section: Central Hemodynamics and Kidneymentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Hemodynamics and Target Organ Damage in Hypertension

Hashimoto

2014

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Recent advances in technology have enabled the noninvasive evaluation of pulsatile hemodynamics in the central aorta; namely, central pressure and flow measurements. The central blood pressure represents the true load imposed on the heart, kidney and brain, and the central blood flow influences the local flow into these vital organs. An elevation of the central blood pressure has a direct, adverse impact on the target organ and, thus, the cardiovascular prognosis in patients with hypertension. A decrease in the central blood flow can cause organ dysfunction and failure. The central pressure and flow dynamics were conventionally regarded as unidirectional from the heart to the periphery. However, current evidence suggests that it should be recognized as a bidirectional interplay between the central and peripheral arteries. Specifically, the pressure pulse wave is not only transmitted forward to the periphery but also reflected backward to the central aorta. The flow pulse wave is also composed of the forward and reverse components. Aortic stiffening and arteriolar remodeling due to hypertension not only augment the central pressure by increasing the wave reflection but also may alter the central bidirectional flow, inducing hemodynamic damage/dysfunction in susceptible organs. Therefore, central hemodynamic monitoring has the potential to provide a diagnostic and therapeutic basis for preventing systemic target organ damage and for offering personalized therapy suitable for the arterial properties in each patient with hypertension. This brief review will summarize hypothetical mechanisms for the association between the central hemodynamics and hypertensive organ damage in the heart, kidney and brain.

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Section: Central Hemodynamics and Kidneymentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Hemodynamics and Target Organ Damage in Hypertension

Hashimoto

2014

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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“…Capillary pressure was measured by a method described elsewhere. 17 Mean capillary pressure, capillary pulse pressure, and precannulation and postcannulation zero values were obtained, together with skin temperature. The time from the ECG-R wave to the foot of the systolic upstroke of the capillary pressure trace was derived (the systolic arrival time, SAT).…”

Section: Study Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 Recordings were made before and after venous occlusion with a 40-mm Hg sphygmomanometer cuff applied to the finger. 18 Capillaries were counted during playback of the videotape and expressed as density per mm 2 .…”

Section: Study Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Aging and Hypertension on the Microcirculation

James¹,

Tullett²,

Hemsley³

et al. 2006

Hypertension

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Abstract-Alterations of structure and function of the microcirculation in hypertension in the elderly and changes with normotensive aging have not been fully clarified. We studied capillary pressure, density, and skin microvascular function in 46 subjects in 3 groups: elderly subjects (aged Ͼ60 years) with untreated hypertension (nϭ16), elderly normotensive subjects (nϭ16), and young normotensive subjects (age Ͻ45 years, nϭ14). In a subgroup of 19 subjects, we also studied resistance artery function in the isometric myograph. Capillary pressure was higher in both elderly groups (elderly hypertensives: 18.6Ϯ4.7 mm Hg, elderly normotensives: 17.6Ϯ4.0 mm Hg) compared with young normotensives (13.9Ϯ2.6 mm Hg, PϽ0.05), but capillary density did not differ between the groups. Skin vasodilating responses to acetylcholine were greater in young normotensives compared with both elderly groups (PϽ0.05). In isolated resistance arteries, there was a greater inhibitory effect from blockade of the L-arginine-NO pathway in elderly normotensives (PϽ0.05) and a reduction in the maximal inhibitory effect of combined blockade of NO, prostanoids, and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor in elderly hypertensives (PϽ0.05). This study has demonstrated a significant effect of aging but no additional effect of hypertension on capillary pressure and no effect of either on capillary density. Our findings with both in vivo and in vitro methods suggest that normotensive aging may depend on relative preservation of NO-dependent vasodilatation in resistance arteries at the expense of a rise in capillary pressure. Key Words: microcirculation Ⅲ capillaries Ⅲ endothelium Ⅲ endothelium-derived relaxing factors Ⅲ aging A lterations of structure and function in the microcirculation are important factors in vascular disease states, such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus. 1 Capillary pressure is increased in essential hypertension, 2 and this may be because of decreased capillary numbers 3-5 or abnormalities in vascular responses at a precapillary or postcapillary level. 6,7 Both capillary rarefaction and abnormal microvascular responses have been observed before the development of clinical hypertension, 8,9 implicating these processes in pathogenesis.Aging is associated with endothelial dysfunction, possibly because of a decline in NO and prostanoid pathways, 10 -12 yet hypertension in the elderly is predominantly a systolic abnormality, 13 considered to be mainly because of altered large artery stiffness. 14 Whether microvascular structure and function is also abnormal in hypertension in the elderly has not been fully clarified. We, therefore, conducted the present study to examine whether aging, in the absence of changes in blood pressure (BP), is associated with abnormalities in the structure and function of the microcirculation, and whether, in older subjects, hypertension exacerbates any of the abnormalities observed. Methods Study SubjectsThe study was approved by the local research ethics committee and conducted according to the prin...

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“…Несмотря на имеющиеся работы по из-учению морфофункционального состояния артери-ол в различных тканях и органах человека при АГ, влияние ее на артериолы кожи изучено недостаточ-но, что и определило актуальность нашего исследо-вания [7,8]. В доступной литературе не представле-но доказательных количественных морфологиче-ских критериев, описывающих кожу лица у женщин средней возрастной группы.…”

Section: Abstract: Facial Skin Hypertension Epidermis Dermis Dermunclassified

“…В то же время может происходить замедле-ние кровотока (A. Shore, 2000) [8]. В нашем исследо-вании в группе с АГ встречались как продуктивно измененные артериолы с узкими просветами и утол-щенными стенками, так и склерозированные арте-риолы с зияющими просветами.…”

Section: рис 5 отторжение эндотелиоцита с образованием смешанного тunclassified

Morphological criteria used to assess involutive changes in the facial skin in hypertensive female patients

Sorokina¹,

Перетолчина²,

Glazkova³

2016

Klin. dermatol. venerol.

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КоСМеТоЛоГиЯВ настоящее время отсутствует общепринятый комплекс морфологических критериев для оценки инволютивных изменений кожи лица у женщин средней возрастной группы и, в частности, у жен-щин с артериальной гипертензией (АГ). Актуаль-ность оценки влияния АГ на инволютивные изме-нения кожи лица предопределена высокой распро-страненностью данной патологии. Так, около 40% взрослого населения России имеют повышенный уровень артериального давления (АД) и вместе с тем

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Capillaroscopy and the measurement of capillary pressure

Cited by 121 publications

References 85 publications

Central Hemodynamics and Target Organ Damage in Hypertension

Central Hemodynamics and Target Organ Damage in Hypertension

Effects of Aging and Hypertension on the Microcirculation

Morphological criteria used to assess involutive changes in the facial skin in hypertensive female patients

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