Capacity of National Malaria Control Programmes to implement vector surveillance: a global analysis

Russell, Tanya L.; Farlow, Robert; Min, Myo; Espino, Effie; Mnzava, Abraham

doi:10.1186/s12936-020-03493-1

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…In general, the main interventional approach applied in most malaria-endemic settings includes the use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), indoor residual spray (IRS), intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnant women and case management based on approved standard guidelines [ 56 , 57 ]. However, other documented programmatic interventions include larva control and vector control mass drug administration (MDA) [ 58 , 59 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Malaria Test Positivity Outcomes and Programme Interventions in Low Transmission Settings in Southern Africa, 2000–2021

Akoniyon

Ogunsakin

Ogunlana

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Malaria is one of the most significant causes of mortality and morbidity globally, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries. It harmfully disturbs the public’s health and the economic growth of many developing countries. Despite the massive effect of malaria transmission, the overall pooled proportion of malaria positivity rate in Southern Africa is still elusive. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to pool estimates of the incidence of the malaria positivity rate, which is the first of its kind in South African countries. A literature search is performed to identify all published articles reporting the incidence of malaria positivity in Southern Africa. Out of the 3359 articles identified, 17 studies meet the inclusion for systematic review and meta-analysis. In addition, because substantial heterogeneity is expected due to the studies being extracted from the universal population, random-effects meta-analyses are carried out to pool the incidence of the malaria positivity rate from diverse diagnostic methods. The result reveals that between-study variability is high (τ2 = 0.003; heterogeneity I2 = 99.91% with heterogeneity chi-square χ2 = 18,143.95, degree of freedom = 16 and a p-value < 0.0001) with the overall random pooled incidence of 10% (95%CI: 8–13%, I2 = 99.91%) in the malaria positivity rate. According to the diagnostic method called pooled incidence estimate, the rapid diagnostic test (RDT) is the leading diagnostic method (17%, 95%CI: 11–24%, I2 = 99.95%), followed by RDT and qPCR and RDT and loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), respectively, found to be (3%, 95%CI: 2–3%, I2 = 0%) and (2%, 95%CI: 1–3%, I2 = 97.94%).Findings of the present study suggest high malaria positive incidence in the region. This implies that malaria control and elimination programmes towards malaria elimination could be negatively impacted and cause delays in actualising malaria elimination set dates. Further studies consisting of larger samples and continuous evaluation of malaria control programmes are recommended.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Malaria Test Positivity Outcomes and Programme Interventions in Low Transmission Settings in Southern Africa, 2000–2021

Akoniyon

Ogunsakin

Ogunlana

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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show abstract

“…Cases will be reported within two days, investigated within four days and appropriate remedial measure taken within a week. Such stratified malaria control will require improved capacity [ 41 ] and data management to rapidly detect and report infection foci as well as to respond with targeted interventions against the vector and parasite [ 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Getting to zero: micro-foci of malaria in the Solomon Islands requires stratified control

Russell

Grignard

Apairamo³

et al. 2021

Malar J

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Background The Solomon Islands has made significant progress in the control of malaria through vector control, access and use of improved diagnostics and therapeutic drugs. As transmission is reduced there is a need to understand variations in transmission risk at the provincial and village levels to stratify control methods. Methods A cross-sectional survey of malaria in humans was conducted in the Solomon Islands during April 2018. Nineteen villages across 4 provinces were included. The presence of Plasmodium species parasites in blood samples was detected using PCR. Results Blood samples were analysed from 1,914 participants. The prevalence of DNA of Plasmodium falciparum was 1.2 % (n = 23) and for Plasmodium vivax was 1.5 % (n = 28). 22 % (n = 5/23) of P. falciparum DNA positive participants were febrile and 17 % of P. vivax DNA positive participants (n = 5/28). The prevalence of both P. falciparum and P. vivax was extremely spatially heterogeneous. For P. falciparum, in particular, only 2 small foci of transmission were identified among 19 villages. Plasmodium falciparum infections were uniformly distributed across age groups. Insecticide-treated bed net use the night prior to the survey was reported by 63 % of participants and significantly differed by province. Conclusions Malaria transmission across the Solomon Islands has become increasingly fragmented, affecting fewer villages and provinces. The majority of infections were afebrile suggesting the need for strong active case detection with radical cure with primaquine for P. vivax. Village-level stratification of targeted interventions based on passive and active case detection data could support the progress towards a more cost-effective and successful elimination programme.

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“…Hence, targeted IRS in these high risk structures could enhance malaria control in residual malaria foci [38]. Such strati ed malaria control will require improved capacity [39] and data management to rapidly detect and report infection foci as well as to respond with targeted interventions against the vector and parasite [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Getting to Zero: Micro-Foci of Malaria In the Solomon Islands Requires Stratified Control

Russell

Grignard

Apairamo

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: The Solomon Islands has made significant progress in the control of malaria through vector control, access and use of improved diagnostics and therapeutic drugs. As transmission is reduced there is a need to understand variations in transmission risk at the provincial and village levels to stratify control methods. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of malaria in humans was conducted in the Solomon Islands during April 2018. Nineteen villages across 4 provinces were included. The presence of Plasmodium species parasites in blood samples was detected using PCR. Results: Blood samples were analysed from 1,914 participants. The prevalence of DNA of P. falciparum was 1.2% (n = 23) and for P. vivax was 1.5% (n = 28). Twenty-two percent (n = 5/23) of P. falciparum DNA positive participants were febrile and 17% of P. vivax DNA positive participants (n = 5/28). The prevalence of both P. falciparum and P. vivax was extremely spatially heterogeneous. For P. falciparium, in particular, only 2 small foci of transmission were identified among 19 villages. Plasmodium infections were uniformly distributed across age groups. Insecticide-treated bed net use the night prior to the survey was reported by 63% of participants and significantly differed by province. Conclusions: Malaria transmission across the Solomon Islands has become increasingly fragmented, affecting fewer villages and provinces. The majority of infections were afebrile suggesting the need for strong active case detection with the predominance of P. vivax requiring implementation of radical cure with primaquine. Village-level stratification of targeted interventions based on passive and active case detection data could support the progress towards a more cost-effective and successful elimination program.

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Capacity of National Malaria Control Programmes to implement vector surveillance: a global analysis

Cited by 26 publications

References 17 publications

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Malaria Test Positivity Outcomes and Programme Interventions in Low Transmission Settings in Southern Africa, 2000–2021

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Malaria Test Positivity Outcomes and Programme Interventions in Low Transmission Settings in Southern Africa, 2000–2021

Getting to zero: micro-foci of malaria in the Solomon Islands requires stratified control

Getting to Zero: Micro-Foci of Malaria In the Solomon Islands Requires Stratified Control

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