Canopy level emissions of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes from an experimental Pinus taeda plantation

Geron, Chris; Daly, Ryan; Arnts, Robert R.; Mowry, Fred L.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.034

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…(−)-β-caryophyllene (BCP), a functional non-psychoactive CB2 receptor agonist [12,13,14], is found in, for example, plant-derived oleoresins, essential oils, solutes, distillates, extracts, fermentations, infusions, and leachates, from several plants [15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25]. Furthermore, BCP showed analgesic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-depressive, anxiolytic, and anti-nephrotoxicity effects [12,13,26,27,28,29,30,31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

(−)-β-Caryophyllene, a CB2 Receptor-Selective Phytocannabinoid, Suppresses Motor Paralysis and Neuroinflammation in a Murine Model of Multiple Sclerosis

Alberti

Barbosa

Vieira

et al. 2017

IJMS

108

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(−)-β-caryophyllene (BCP), a cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2)-selective phytocannabinoid, has already been shown in precedent literature to exhibit both anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in mouse models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Herein, we endeavored to investigate the therapeutic potential of BCP on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Furthermore, we sought to demonstrate some of the mechanisms that underlie the modulation BCP exerts on autoimmune activated T cells, the pro-inflammatory scenery of the central nervous system (CNS), and demyelination. Our findings demonstrate that BCP significantly ameliorates both the clinical and pathological parameters of EAE. In addition, data hereby presented indicates that mechanisms underlying BCP immunomodulatory effect seems to be linked to its ability to inhibit microglial cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, as well as protein expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, it diminished axonal demyelination and modulated Th1/Treg immune balance through the activation of CB2 receptor. Altogether, our study represents significant implications for clinical research and strongly supports the effectiveness of BCP as a novel molecule to target in the development of effective therapeutic agents for MS.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

(−)-β-Caryophyllene, a CB2 Receptor-Selective Phytocannabinoid, Suppresses Motor Paralysis and Neuroinflammation in a Murine Model of Multiple Sclerosis

Alberti

Barbosa

Vieira

et al. 2017

IJMS

108

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“…The total respiratory CO 2 efflux (RA + RH) is called ecosystem respiration (RE). Thus, NEP represents net CO 2 exchange with the atmosphere through ecosystem physiological processes (Gower, 2003). In the model, these processes are calculated using equations that include terms for responsiveness to environmental conditions such as light, temperature, CO 2 concentration, and humidity.…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, it is still difficult to directly observe some MCFs, including non-CO 2 trace gases, disturbanceinduced non-periodic emissions, and subsurface transport and sequestration. For example, flux measurements of BVOC emissions are technically challenging (Guenther et al, 1996;Geron et al, 2016) because of the low concentrations of BVOC compounds, their wide variety, and their spatial and temporal heterogeneity. Quantification of DOC and POC dynamics at the landscape scale appears to require intensive observation networks (e.g., Dai et al, 2012;Raymond et al, 2013).…”

Section: Implications For Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The uncertainty in the terrestrial carbon budget arises not only from inadequacies in the observational data, but also from an oversimplified conceptual framework. A common index of the net ecosystem carbon budget, net ecosystem production (NEP), is defined as the difference between GPP and ecosystem respiration (RE), which places plant and soil CO 2 exchange, as determined by their physiological properties, in the sole controlling role (Gower, 2003). NEP is expected to be equal to the change in the ecosystem carbon stocks of biomass and soil organic matter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disequilibrium of terrestrial ecosystem CO2 budget caused by disturbance-induced emissions and non-CO2 carbon export flows: a global model assessment

Ito

2019

Earth Syst. Dynam.

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Abstract. The global carbon budget of terrestrial ecosystems is chiefly determined by major flows of carbon dioxide (CO2) such as photosynthesis and respiration, but various minor flows exert considerable influence in determining carbon stocks and their turnover. This study assessed the effects of eight minor carbon flows on the terrestrial carbon budget using a process-based model, the Vegetation Integrative SImulator for Trace gases (VISIT), which included non-CO2 carbon flows, such as methane and biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions and subsurface carbon exports and disturbances such as biomass burning, land-use changes, and harvest activities. The range of model-associated uncertainty was evaluated through parameter-ensemble simulations and the results were compared with corresponding observational and modeling studies. In the historical period of 1901–2016, the VISIT simulation indicated that the minor flows substantially influenced terrestrial carbon stocks, flows, and budgets. The simulations estimated mean net ecosystem production in 2000–2009 as 3.21±1.1 Pg C yr−1 without minor flows and 6.85±0.9 Pg C yr−1 with minor flows. Including minor carbon flows yielded an estimated net biome production of 1.62±1.0 Pg C yr−1 in the same period. Biomass burning, wood harvest, export of organic carbon by water erosion, and BVOC emissions had impacts on the global terrestrial carbon budget amounting to around 1 Pg C yr−1 with specific interannual variabilities. After including the minor flows, ecosystem carbon storage was suppressed by about 440 Pg C, and its mean residence time was shortened by about 2.4 years. The minor flows occur heterogeneously over the land, such that BVOC emission, subsurface export, and wood harvest occur mainly in the tropics, and biomass burning occurs extensively in boreal forests. They also differ in their decadal trends, due to differences in their driving factors. Aggregating the simulation results by land-cover type, cropland fraction, and annual precipitation yielded more insight into the contributions of these minor flows to the terrestrial carbon budget. Considering their substantial and unique roles, these minor flows should be taken into account in the global carbon budget in an integrated manner.

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“…Nevertheless, it is still difficult to observe some MCFs, including non-CO2 trace gases, disturbance-induced non-periodic emissions, and subsurface transport and sequestration. For example, flux measurement of BVOC emissions is technically challenging (Guenther et al, 1996;Geron et al, 2016) because of the low concentrations of BVOC compounds, their wide variety, and their spatial and temporal heterogeneity. Quantification of DOC and POC dynamics at the landscape scale appears to require intensive observation networks (e.g., Dai et al, 2012).…”

Section: Implications For Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disequilibrium of terrestrial ecosystem CO2 budget caused by disturbance-induced emissions and non-CO2 carbon export flows: a global model assessment

Ito¹

2018

Preprint

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Abstract. The global carbon budget of terrestrial ecosystems is chiefly determined by major flows of carbon dioxide (CO2) such as photosynthesis and respiration, but various minor flows exert considerable influence by reducing carbon stocks and accelerating turnover. This study assessed the effects of eight minor carbon flows on the terrestrial carbon budget using a process-based model, the Vegetation Integrative SImulator for Trace gases (VISIT), which also included non-CO2 carbon flows, such as CH4 and biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions and subsurface carbon exports and disturbances such as biomass burning, land-use changes, and harvest activities. In the historical period of 1901–2016, the VISIT simulation indicated that the minor flows substantially influenced terrestrial carbon stocks, flows, and budgets. The simulations without and with minor flows estimated mean net ecosystem production in the 2000s as 3.04 ± 1.0 Pg C yr−1 and 4.94 ± 0.9 Pg C yr−1, respectively. Including minor carbon flows yielded an estimated net biome production of 2.19 ± 1.0 Pg C yr−1. Biomass burning, wood harvest, export of organic carbon by erosion, and BVOC emissions had impacts on the global terrestrial carbon budget amounting to around 1 Pg C yr−1 with specific interannual variability. After including the minor flows, ecosystem carbon storage was suppressed by about 280 Pg C, and its mean residence time was shortened by about 1.5 yr. The minor flows occur heterogeneously over the land, such that isoprene emission, subsurface export, and wood harvest occur mainly in the tropics and biomass burning occurs extensively in boreal forests. These minor flows differ in their decadal trends, due to differences in their driving factors. Aggregating the simulation results by cropland fraction and annual precipitation yielded more insight into the contributions of these minor flows to the terrestrial carbon budget. This study estimated uncertainties in the estimation of these flows through parameter ensemble simulations and sensitivity simulations, and the results have implications for observation, modeling, and synthesis of the global carbon cycle.

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Canopy level emissions of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes from an experimental Pinus taeda plantation

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

(−)-β-Caryophyllene, a CB2 Receptor-Selective Phytocannabinoid, Suppresses Motor Paralysis and Neuroinflammation in a Murine Model of Multiple Sclerosis

(−)-β-Caryophyllene, a CB2 Receptor-Selective Phytocannabinoid, Suppresses Motor Paralysis and Neuroinflammation in a Murine Model of Multiple Sclerosis

Disequilibrium of terrestrial ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> budget caused by disturbance-induced emissions and non-CO<sub>2</sub> carbon export flows: a global model assessment

Disequilibrium of terrestrial ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> budget caused by disturbance-induced emissions and non-CO<sub>2</sub> carbon export flows: a global model assessment

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Canopy level emissions of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes from an experimental Pinus taeda plantation

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

(−)-β-Caryophyllene, a CB2 Receptor-Selective Phytocannabinoid, Suppresses Motor Paralysis and Neuroinflammation in a Murine Model of Multiple Sclerosis

(−)-β-Caryophyllene, a CB2 Receptor-Selective Phytocannabinoid, Suppresses Motor Paralysis and Neuroinflammation in a Murine Model of Multiple Sclerosis

Disequilibrium of terrestrial ecosystem CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; budget caused by disturbance-induced emissions and non-CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; carbon export flows: a global model assessment

Disequilibrium of terrestrial ecosystem CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; budget caused by disturbance-induced emissions and non-CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; carbon export flows: a global model assessment

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Disequilibrium of terrestrial ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> budget caused by disturbance-induced emissions and non-CO<sub>2</sub> carbon export flows: a global model assessment

Disequilibrium of terrestrial ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> budget caused by disturbance-induced emissions and non-CO<sub>2</sub> carbon export flows: a global model assessment