Canola integration into semi-arid wheat cropping systems of the inland Pacific Northwestern USA

Pan, William L.; Young, Frank L.; Maaz, Tai McClellan; Huggins, David R.

doi:10.1071/cp15217

Cited by 25 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…These results may be attributed to systematic differences between the iPNW and other regions, such as the Northern Great Plains. Despite similarities in soils and water holding capacity, the Great Plains is characterized by summerdominated rainfall (Pan et al, 2016b). Spring crops dominate in the Northern Great Plains, whereas WW is predominant in the iPNW due to its winter-dominant precipitation patterns, moderate winter temperatures, and drought and heat stress frequently encountered during the flowering and grain-fill period with spring crops.…”

Section: Crop Intensificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…dominates under drier, warmer conditions with <330 mm (Pan et al, 2016b). The frequency of fallow decreases as dry and warm conditions become wetter and cooler, and growers may fallow once every 3 years in the fallowtransition systems in areas receiving between 300 and 450 mm (Schillinger and Papendick, 2008;Pan et al, 2016b).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The iPNW is a highly productive wheat growing region that encompasses over 3 million ha in Washington, Idaho, and Oregon. The area is characterized by a Mediterranean-like climate, and 80% cropland largely relies on stored soil water to support dryland grain production (Pan et al, 2016b). A steep annual precipitation and temperature gradient, combined with complex topography, contributes to large-scale heterogenetic edaphic, and climatic conditions that delineate the region into three distinct classes of agroecological systems.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The frequency of fallow decreases as dry and warm conditions become wetter and cooler, and growers may fallow once every 3 years in the fallowtransition systems in areas receiving between 300 and 450 mm (Schillinger and Papendick, 2008;Pan et al, 2016b). In the driest region, grain production requires irrigation.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Impact of Climate Change Adaptation Strategies on Winter Wheat and Cropping System Performance across Precipitation Gradients in the Inland Pacific Northwest, USA

Maaz

Schillinger

Machado

et al. 2017

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Ecological instability and low resource use efficiencies are concerns for the long-term productivity of conventional cereal monoculture systems, particularly those threatened by projected climate change. Crop intensification, diversification, reduced tillage, and variable N management are among strategies proposed to mitigate and adapt to climate shifts in the inland Pacific Northwest (iPNW). Our objectives were to assess these strategies across iPNW agroecological zones and time for their impacts on (1) winter wheat (WW) (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity, (2) crop sequence productivity, and (3) N fertilizer use efficiency. Region-wide analysis indicated that WW yields increased with increasing annual precipitation, prior to maximizing at 520 mm yr −1 and subsequently declining when annual precipitation was not adjusted for available soil water holding capacity. While fallow periods were effective at mitigating low nitrogen (N) fertilization efficiencies under low precipitation, efficiencies declined as annual precipitation exceeded 500 mm yr −1 . Variability in the response of WW yields to annual precipitation and N fertilization among locations and within sites supports precision N management implementation across the region. In years receiving <350 mm precipitation yr −1 , WW yields declined when preceded by crops rather than summer fallow. Nevertheless, WW yields were greater when preceded by pulses and oilseeds rather than wheat across a range of yield potentials, and when under conservation tillage practices at low yield potentials. Despite the yield penalty associated with eliminating fallow prior to WW, cropping system level productivity was not affected by intensification, diversification, or conservation tillage. However, increased fertilizer N inputs, lower fertilizer N use efficiencies, and more yield variance may offset and limit the economic feasibility of intensified and diversified cropping systems.

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Section: Crop Intensificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Impact of Climate Change Adaptation Strategies on Winter Wheat and Cropping System Performance across Precipitation Gradients in the Inland Pacific Northwest, USA

Maaz

Schillinger

Machado

et al. 2017

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…In the iPNW, 2-year winter wheat-annual fallow rotations have dominated low annual precipitation areas with dryland cropping since the 1890s as this rotation is less risky and more profitable (Schillinger et al, 2006). Therefore, overcoming projected increases in annual fallow that would further threaten the regions agricultural sustainability under climate change will likely require diverse strategies that engage socio-economic as well as biophysical dimensions (Peterson et al, 1996;Pan et al, 2016;Maaz et al, in press).…”

Section: Relevance Of Aec Shifts For Sustainable Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Agro-Ecological Class Stability Decreases in Response to Climate Change Projections for the Pacific Northwest, USA

et al. 2017

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Winter canola response to soil and fertilizer nitrogen in semiarid Mediterranean conditions

et al. 2020

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In the semiarid dryland wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) region of the U.S. inland Pacific Northwest, winter canola (WC) (Brassica napus L.) is an economically viable rotation crop. Winter canola produces marketable end-products while improving soil health and disrupting pest and disease cycles. Although annual production of WC in Washington State has increased in the recent decade, little regional fertility research has been conducted. As a result, WC is commonly fertilized in a manner similar to hard red spring wheat. Compared with wheat, WC has a deep and aggressive tap root system that can grow to depths of 180 cm to reach nutrients and water. Thus, WC requires a different N management strategy than wheat. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of soil residual N and fertilizer N application rate (range, 0-240 kg N ha −1 ) and timing (fall, spring, or split fall/spring) on WC yield and oil and protein concentrations. The study took place over a 2-yr period at seven locations across four agroecological classes. There was no yield response to N rate at six of the seven sites due to canola's high N uptake efficiency and the soils' high residual N (92-224 kg inorganic N ha −1 ) after wheat-fallow. Increasing N rates and split or spring application resulted in lower oil/protein ratios. In addition, maximum yields correlated with total available water. Therefore, N management for WC should be based on soil test residual + mineralizable N, total available water, and end-use quality.Abbreviations: AEC, agroecological class; iPNW, inland Pacific Northwest of the United States; SC, spring canola; WC, winter canola; WUE, water use efficiency.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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Canola integration into semi-arid wheat cropping systems of the inland Pacific Northwestern USA

Cited by 25 publications

References 69 publications

Impact of Climate Change Adaptation Strategies on Winter Wheat and Cropping System Performance across Precipitation Gradients in the Inland Pacific Northwest, USA

Impact of Climate Change Adaptation Strategies on Winter Wheat and Cropping System Performance across Precipitation Gradients in the Inland Pacific Northwest, USA

Agro-Ecological Class Stability Decreases in Response to Climate Change Projections for the Pacific Northwest, USA

Winter canola response to soil and fertilizer nitrogen in semiarid Mediterranean conditions

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