Cannabis Vaping–Induced Acute Pulmonary Toxicity: Case Series and Review of Literature

Adapa, Sreedhar; Gayam, Vijay; Konala, Venu Madhav; Annangi, Srinadh; Raju, M. Penchala; Bezwada, Vishnu; McMillan, Christine; Dalal, Hussain; Mandal, Amrendra; Naramala, Srikanth

doi:10.1177/2324709620947267

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Studies have documented toxicological effects in different models exposed to cannabis ingredients [12][13][14][15][16]. A recent study reported that high-grade atrioventricular block was developed in a young male following chronic exposure to marijuana [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study reported that high-grade atrioventricular block was developed in a young male following chronic exposure to marijuana [ 14 ]. Moreover, a recent case series study concluded that vaping cannabis oil was associated with acute respiratory depression [ 15 ]. It is important to consider that tachycardia and neurotoxicity were reported after acute inhalation of cannabis in humans [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum Proteomic Analysis of Cannabis Use Disorder in Male Patients

et al. 2021

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Cannabis use has been growing recently and it is legally consumed in many countries. Cannabis has a variety of phytochemicals including cannabinoids, which might impair the peripheral systems responses affecting inflammatory and immunological pathways. However, the exact signaling pathways that induce these effects need further understanding. The objective of this study is to investigate the serum proteomic profiling in patients diagnosed with cannabis use disorder (CUD) as compared with healthy control subjects. The novelty of our study is to highlight the differentially changes proteins in the serum of CUD patients. Certain proteins can be targeted in the future to attenuate the toxicological effects of cannabis. Blood samples were collected from 20 male individuals: 10 healthy controls and 10 CUD patients. An untargeted proteomic technique employing two-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry was employed in this study to assess the differentially expressed proteins. The proteomic analysis identified a total of 121 proteins that showed significant changes in protein expression between CUD patients (experimental group) and healthy individuals (control group). For instance, the serum expression of inactive tyrosine protein kinase PEAK1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 were increased in CUD group. In contrast, the serum expression of transthyretin and serotransferrin were reduced in CUD group. Among these proteins, 55 proteins were significantly upregulated and 66 proteins significantly downregulated in CUD patients as compared with healthy control group. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) found that these differentially expressed proteins are linked to p38MAPK, interleukin 12 complex, nuclear factor-κB, and other signaling pathways. Our work indicates that the differentially expressed serum proteins between CUD and control groups are correlated to liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor (RXR), farnesoid X receptor/RXR activation, and acute phase response signaling.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Proteomic Analysis of Cannabis Use Disorder in Male Patients

et al. 2021

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“…Still other ENDS products allow users to add customized flavorants, supplements, cannabinoids, recreational drugs of abuse, or even Viagra or Cialis to e-cigarette devices. 10 Cannabis oil has been associated with acute lung injury in several case studies, 11 and pulmonary delivery of these compounds may pose unknown risks. Glycols are common constituents of e-liquids, which are not approved for inhalational exposures since they are upper airway irritants that cause respiratory, throat, and nose irritation.…”

Section: Safety Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commentary: Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems

Sissung

Figg

2022

Family &Amp; Community Health

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HE PUBLIC has become increasingly aware that tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the United States (US), and the tobacco industry has been highly successful at circumventing resulting antitobacco sentiment through well-funded marketing efforts. Despite scientific evidence, new and current tobacco users still perceive marketing terms such as "light," "natural," or "additive free" to indicate that these products are safer alternatives to conventional cigarettes. 1 The tobacco industry has again spent hundreds of millions of US dollars advertising electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS; eg, e-cigarettes), which has resulted in the public impression that ENDS are a safe alternative to smoking. 2 The result has been sea change in which new nicotine users, who tend to be young, prefer using ENDS over conventional cigarettes. Numerous current and former smokers are also transitioning to these products to reduce lifetime risk exposure or quit smoking. 2 How did this happen? Is there a scientific basis for the safety of ENDS and the efficacy of using ENDS for smoking cessation? What are the potential risks and benefits? TYPES OF ENDSENDS are grouped by generations: first-generation devices ("cig-a-likes") are prefilled cartridges, second-generation devices ("vape pens") are refillable tank models, and third-generation devices are refillable tank models that allow users to adjust the wattage of the product. 3 The latter products provide users with the option to select various flavors and nicotine concentrations. Flavored or unflavored pod devices that use varying concentrations of a nicotine salt are also highly popular,

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“…Cannabis edibles could help to decrease the rate of acute pulmonary stress, respiratory diseases, and tumorigenic effects induced by using cannabis cigarettes or exposing them via second-hand smoke. 138 Interestingly, Hendrickson et al 139 found in a poison center that older adults (60 years or older) tended to ingest, rather than inhale, cannabis mostly in the form of commercial baked goods. Meanwhile, they were more likely to develop sedation and maintain a normal heart rate or develop bradycardia, rather than the tachycardia seen in adults 19−59 years old.…”

Section: Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Of Thc And Cbdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis and Cannabis Edibles: A Review

Peng

Shahidi

2021

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Cannabis is an excellent natural source of fiber and various bioactive cannabinoids. So far, at least 120 cannabinoids have been identified, and more novel cannabinoids are gradually being unveiled by detailed cannabis studies. However, cannabinoids in both natural and isolated forms are especially vulnerable to oxygen, heat, and light. Therefore, a diversity of cannabinoids is associated with their chemical instability to a large extent. The research status of structural conversion of cannabinoids is introduced. On the other hand, the use of drug-type cannabis and the phytocannabinoids thereof has been rapidly popularized and plays an indispensable role in both medical therapy and daily recreation. The recent legalization of edible cannabis further extends its application into the food industry. The varieties of legal edible cannabis products in the current commercial market are relatively monotonous due to rigorous restrictions under the framework of Cannabis Regulations and infancy of novel developments. Meanwhile, patents/studies related to the safety and quality assurance systems of cannabis edibles are still rare and need to be developed. Furthermore, along with cannabinoids, many phytochemicals such as flavonoids, lignans, terpenoids, and polysaccharides exist in the cannabis matrix, and these may exhibit prebiotic/probiotic properties and improve the composition of the gut microbiome. During metabolism and excretion, the bioactive phytochemicals of cannabis, mostly the cannabinoids, may be structurally modified during enterohepatic detoxification and gut fermentation. However, the potential adverse effects of both acute and chronic exposure to cannabinoids and their vulnerable groups have been clearly recognized. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the chemistry, metabolism, toxicity, commercialization, and regulations regarding cannabinoid edibles is reviewed and updated in this contribution.

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Cannabis Vaping–Induced Acute Pulmonary Toxicity: Case Series and Review of Literature

Cited by 10 publications

References 44 publications

Serum Proteomic Analysis of Cannabis Use Disorder in Male Patients

Serum Proteomic Analysis of Cannabis Use Disorder in Male Patients

Commentary: Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems

Cannabis and Cannabis Edibles: A Review

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