Canine Special Senses

Singletary, Melissa; Lazarowski, Lucia

doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2021.04.004

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 66 publications

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“…This predicament can be assessed from both statistical and biological perspectives. Biologically speaking, it is broadly recognized that dogs have exceptional smell perception [42,101]. Their remarkable olfaction aids in collecting vital environmental information, recognizing individuals, making decisions, and learning [67].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Detection of Prostate Cancer: The Role of Scent

et al. 2023

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Prostate cancer (PCa) represents the cause of the second highest number of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and its clinical presentation can range from slow-growing to rapidly spreading metastatic disease. As the characteristics of most cases of PCa remains incompletely understood, it is crucial to identify new biomarkers that can aid in early detection. Despite the prostate-specific antigen serum (PSA) levels, prostate biopsy, and imaging representing the actual gold-standard for diagnosing PCa, analyzing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has emerged as a promising new frontier. We and other authors have reported that highly trained dogs can recognize specific VOCs associated with PCa with high accuracy. However, using dogs in clinical practice has several limitations. To exploit the potential of VOCs, an electronic nose (eNose) that mimics the dog olfactory system and can potentially be used in clinical practice was designed. To explore the eNose as an alternative to dogs in diagnosing PCa, we conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of available studies. PRISMA guidelines were used for the identification, screening, eligibility, and selection process. We included six studies that employed trained dogs and found that the pooled diagnostic sensitivity was 0.87 (95% CI 0.86–0.89; I2, 98.6%), the diagnostic specificity was 0.83 (95% CI 0.80–0.85; I2, 98.1%), and the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (sROC) was 0.64 (standard error, 0.25). We also analyzed five studies that used an eNose to diagnose PCa and found that the pooled diagnostic sensitivity was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.80–0.88; I2, 57.1%), the diagnostic specificity was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.84–0.91; I2, 66%), and the area under the sROC was 0.93 (standard error, 0.03). These pooled results suggest that while highly trained dogs have the potentiality to diagnose PCa, the ability is primarily related to olfactory physiology and training methodology. The adoption of advanced analytical techniques, such as eNose, poses a significant challenge in the field of clinical practice due to their growing effectiveness. Nevertheless, the presence of limitations and the requirement for meticulous study design continue to present challenges when employing eNoses for the diagnosis of PCa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Detection of Prostate Cancer: The Role of Scent

et al. 2023

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Prioritization strategies for environmental cognition in dogs: spatial memory or olfactory memory

Sun

Chen

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Memory is the main basis for animal cognition of the environment and its composition, and more and more studies show that memory plays a key role in the cognitive development of dogs, but there are few studies on whether spatial memory or olfactory memory plays a dominant role in the cognitive process of the environment in dogs. This study aims to further identify the preferred strategy of dogs in the cognitive process of the environment, to provide scientific support for the behavioral research and training of dogs, and also, to un The present study aimed to further confirm the preferential strategy of dogs in environmental cognition to provide scientific support for dog behavioral research and training, and also to provide a reference for human cognitive modeling studies. To test this, a group of dogs was selected to participate in the same learning task in this study, and then, seven Kunming and seven Malinois were randomly selected by breed and sex to perform three rounds of scent recognition tests in the behavior laboratory, with each round of tests being conducted twice a day for a ten-day period. The first two tests (N1S1 and N1S2) both entered the laboratory from the same direction to search for the target, the second two tests (N2S1 and N2S2) entered the laboratory from different directions to search for the target, and the third two tests (N3S1 and N3S2) entered the laboratory from different directions to search for the target, while adding distractors. The test results showed that the difference in search time between N1S1 and N2S1 was not significant, and the dog's search trajectory showed no regularity; N1S2 and N1S2, N2S1 and N2S2 all showed highly significant differences in search time, and the dog's search trajectory showed regularity; N3S1 showed highly significant differences in search time with N1S1 and N2S1, and N3S1 and N3S2 showed no significant differences, and the dog's search The dog's search trajectory showed no regularity. It shows that: in a simple environment without distractors, dogs can form a spatial memory similar to geometric coordinates in the brain for the location of target objects, and they will use spatial memory as the priority strategy for search, but this spatial memory ability is more effective in the short term, and in the long term, it does not accumulate with time; the presence of distractors changed the search strategy derived from spatial memory in N1 and N2, and dogs established a preferential strategy derived from olfactory memory to search and match target objects based on olfactory source odor memory, meanwhile, the dog's odor memory ability and learning time showed a positive correlation.

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Progress in the Development of Detection Strategies Based on Olfactory and Gustatory Biomimetic Biosensors

Chen

Tian

et al. 2022

Biosensors

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The biomimetic olfactory and gustatory biosensing devices have broad applications in many fields, such as industry, security, and biomedicine. The development of these biosensors was inspired by the organization of biological olfactory and gustatory systems. In this review, we summarized the most recent advances in the development of detection strategies for chemical sensing based on olfactory and gustatory biomimetic biosensors. First, sensing mechanisms and principles of olfaction and gustation are briefly introduced. Then, different biomimetic sensing detection strategies are outlined based on different sensing devices functionalized with various molecular and cellular components originating from natural olfactory and gustatory systems. Thereafter, various biomimetic olfactory and gustatory biosensors are introduced in detail by classifying and summarizing the detection strategies based on different sensing devices. Finally, the future directions and challenges of biomimetic biosensing development are proposed and discussed.

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Canine Special Senses

Cited by 3 publications

References 66 publications

Early Detection of Prostate Cancer: The Role of Scent

Early Detection of Prostate Cancer: The Role of Scent

Prioritization strategies for environmental cognition in dogs: spatial memory or olfactory memory

Progress in the Development of Detection Strategies Based on Olfactory and Gustatory Biomimetic Biosensors

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