In recent decades, fast advancements in the fields of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are providing unprecedented opportunities for the development of novel functional MOFs for various biosensing applications. Exciting progress is achieved due to the combination of MOFs with various functional components, which introduces novel structures and new features to the MOFs‐based biosensing applications, such as higher stability, higher sensitivity, higher flexibility, and higher specificity. This review aims to be a comprehensive summary of the most recent advances in the development of functional MOFs for various biosensing applications, placing special attention on important contributions in recent 3 years. In this review, the most recent developments in design and synthesis of functional MOFs for biosensing applications are summarized. MOFs‐based biosensing applications are outlined according to the central roles of MOFs in biosensors, which include carriers of sensitive elements, enzyme‐mimic elements, electrochemical signaling, optical signaling, and gas sensing. Finally, the current challenges and future development trends of functional MOFs for biosensing applications are proposed and discussed.

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Using two 8-hydroxyquinolinate ligands (L1-MOM and L2-MOM) containing 3-pyridyl or 4-pyridyl groups, five novel coordination polymers, namely, [Zn3(L1)6] (1), [Zn(L1)2]·2MeOH (2), [Zn(L2)2] (3), [Cd(L2)2] (4), and [Cd4(L1)6]·13H2O (5), were synthesized and characterized by a variety of techniques. Single-crystal X-ray structures have revealed that these coordination polymers exhibit a structural diversification due to the different choices of metal salts and the effect of pyridyl nitrogen position. Compounds 1-5 exhibited different fluorescence emissions and lifetimes upon excitation in the solid state. The sensing behavior of these polymers was also investigated upon exposure to vapors of various nitroaromatic molecules (analytes). The results show that all five polymers are capable of sensing these nitroaromatic molecules in the vapor phase through fluorescence quenching. Interestingly, 3 exhibits superior sensitivity to the analytes in comparison with other polymers. 2-Nitrotoluene quenches the emission of 3 by as much as 96%.