Canine distemper and endangered wildlife: Is it time for mandatory vaccination of dogs?

Sabatino, Daria Di; Savini, Giovanni; Lorusso, Alessio

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.05.087

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Serological data have potential value for estimating pathogen force of infection and transmission rates, and have been used in dynamic disease models [ 68 ], as demonstrated by studies of the dynamics of cross-species transmission between domestic dogs and lions in the Serengeti ecosystem [ 10 ]. A decrease in seroprevalence could also signal a loss of herd immunity which may have value in assessing risks of potential outbreaks and/or need for implementation of preventive measures [ 10 , 69 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of susceptible hosts in canine distemper virus infection: a systematic review and data synthesis

2016

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BackgroundCanine distemper virus (CDV) is the etiological agent of one of the most infectious diseases of domestic dogs, also known as a highly prevalent viral infectious disease of carnivores and posing a conservation threat to endangered species around the world. To get a better panorama of CDV infection in different Orders, a retrospective and documental systematic review of the role of CDV in different non-dog hosts was conducted. The bibliographical data were collected from MedLine/PubMed and Scopus databases. Data related to Order, Family, Genus and Species of the infected animals, the presence or absence of clinical signs, mortality, serological, molecular or antigenic confirmation of CDV infection, geographic location, were collected and summarized.ResultsTwo hundred seventeen scientific articles were considered eligible which includes reports of serological evaluation, and antigenic or genomic confirmation of CDV infection in non-dog hosts. CDV infects naturally and experimentally different members of the Orders Carnivora (in 12 Families), Rodentia (four Families), Primates (two Families), Artiodactyla (three Families) and Proboscidea (one Family). The Order Carnivora (excluding domestic dogs) accounts for the vast majority (87.5 %) of the records. Clinical disease associated with CDV infection was reported in 51.8 % of the records and serological evidence of CDV infection in apparently healthy animals was found in 49.5 % of the records. High mortality rate was showed in some of the recorded infections in Orders different to Carnivora. In non-dog hosts, CDV has been reported all continents with the exception of Australasia and in 43 different countries.ConclusionsThe results of this systematic review demonstrate that CDV is able to infect a very wide range of host species from many different Orders and emphasizes the potential threat of infection for endangered wild species as well as raising concerns about potential zoonotic threats following the cessation of large-scale measles vaccination campaigns in the human population.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0702-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of susceptible hosts in canine distemper virus infection: a systematic review and data synthesis

2016

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“…Canine vaccination buffer zones have combated CDV infection in lions and African wild dogs, and rabies in Ethiopian wolves [ 25 , 39 , 40 ]. The global threat posed by CDV to a number of endangered species has prompted mandatory vaccination of dogs [ 41 ]. Another prevention strategy is to vaccinate other known CDV reservoir species with recombinant vectored vaccines developed for those wild species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine distemper viral infection threatens the giant panda population in China

Jin

Zhang

et al. 2017

Oncotarget

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We evaluated exposure to canine distemper virus (CDV) in eight wild giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and 125 unvaccinated domestic dogs living in and around Foping National Nature Reserve (FNNR), China. Seventy-two percent of unvaccinated domestic dogs (mixed breed) had neutralizing antibodies for CDV due to exposure to the disease. The eight wild giant pandas were naïve to CDV and carried no positive antibody titer. RT-PCR assays for hemagglutinin (H) gene confirmed the presence of CDV in 31 clinically ill dogs from several areas near FNNR. Genomic sequence analysis showed that the 21 canine CDV were highly homologous to each other and belonged to the Asian-1 genotype. They showed high homology with the GP01 strain sequenced from a fatally infected giant panda, suggesting cross-species infection. Observational and GPS tracking data revealed home range overlap in pandas and dogs around FNNR. This study shows that CDV is endemic in domestic dogs near FNNR and that cross-species CDV infection threatens the wild giant panda population.

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“…It is known that the virus is propagated through the body secreta/excreta of the CDVinfected animals. Interactions between domestic and wild animals cause the disease to spread easily (Di Sabatino et al 2015). Therefore, comprehensive studies are also needed to demonstrate the transmission of CD in Turkey's wildlife.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of infection with N protein-specific Immunoglobulin M and G in naturally occurring distemper in dogs

Saltik¹,

Kale²

2020

Vet. Med. - Czech

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In dogs, canine distemper has a worldwide distribution with high morbidity/mortality, despite the widespread usage of vaccines and has no specific treatment. In susceptible animals with the canine distemper virus, respiratory, gastrointestinal and nervous system disorders, immunosuppression and cutaneous lesions can also be seen. Especially puppies and unvaccinated dogs are prone to get the viral infection. IgM and IgG antibodies constitute the major component of the natural antibodies produced during the primary and secondary antibody response that have long been recognised to inhibit viral infections. In the present study, the presence of the viral N protein-specific IgM and IgG was investigated by indirect ELISA in naturally infected dogs. Moreover, the rate of outbreaks in naturally infected dogs was shown by the detection of new and re-infections. In the Western Mediterranean region, blood serum samples were collected from 50 unvaccinated dogs for the mentioned infection between 2015 and 2017. At 0–12 months, in the dogs with clinical symptoms, the indirect ELISA detected 4% acute, 54% early convalescent, 40% late convalescent and 2% no infections phases. The clinical manifestations were studied in four main groups follow as: respiratory, gastrointestinal, nervous and cutaneous symptoms. The evaluation showed that the canine distemper virus N protein-specific antibodies detection by the indirect ELISA is quick and safe in naturally infected dogs. In conclusion, the method is very useful for the pre-diagnosis of the disease when evaluated together with the clinical symptoms. It helps to distinguish acute and convalescent (early/late) phases. Distinguishing these phases of infection is important for monitoring the spread of the outbreaks and identifying the risk of severe forms of canine distemper.

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Canine distemper and endangered wildlife: Is it time for mandatory vaccination of dogs?

Cited by 11 publications

References 4 publications

Diversity of susceptible hosts in canine distemper virus infection: a systematic review and data synthesis

Diversity of susceptible hosts in canine distemper virus infection: a systematic review and data synthesis

Canine distemper viral infection threatens the giant panda population in China

Evaluation of infection with N protein-specific Immunoglobulin M and G in naturally occurring distemper in dogs

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