Canine Conjunctivitis and Blepharitis

Peña, Mª Teresa; Leiva, Marta

doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2007.12.001

Cited by 28 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The dog in the current report presented with bilateral follicular conjunctivitis of the nictitans. In young dogs, follicular conjunctivitis of the nictitating membrane is known as follicular hyperplasia and hypertrophy and may be due to the exposure to environmental allergens rather than a response to a systemic infection or ocular disease 15 . Conjunctival follicular hyperplasia and hypertrophy in this case may have been allergic in origin but the chronic exposure of a large area of conjunctiva because of slack eyelid conformation and the associated focal dessication probably increased the inflammatory response of the lymphoid follicles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Dacryops of the lacrimal gland in a dog

Delgado¹

2012

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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A case of congenital lacrimal cyst or dacryops of the lacrimal gland in an 8-month-old Neapolitan Mastiff dog is reported. The dog presented with a swelling dorsolateral to the left globe, which had been present since birth. In addition, hyperplasia and prolapse of the superficial gland of the left nictitating membrane, and bilateral macropalpebral fissure and 'diamond eye' conformation were apparent. On manual eversion of the upper eyelid, a subconjunctival mass was visible that was translucent and pink and affected the upper conjunctival fornix. B-mode ultrasonography revealed the presence of an echolucent thin-walled cystic structure measuring 15 by 12 mm and containing an echodense border and a distended tubular fluid-filled structure that extended posteriorly. A viscous and transparent fluid was aspirated from the lesion. Surgery was performed to excise the lesion, reposition the nictitans gland, and correct the morphology of the palpebral fissure. Histopathology confirmed the mass to be a cyst and distended duct of the lacrimal gland. Although tear secretion was compromised, resection of the cyst was curative.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Dacryops of the lacrimal gland in a dog

Delgado¹

2012

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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“…Protrusions of the third eyelid can be associated with ocular pain (severe conjunctivitis, keratitis, uveitis, and glaucoma), Horner’s syndrome, or orbital diseases including cellulitis, orbital masses, enophthalmia, microphthalmia, and phthisis bulbi. With conjunctivitis, lymphoid hyperplasia (follicular conjunctivitis) occurs commonly on the third eyelid 4,14 . It is due to chronic irritation and immunological stimulation, with proliferation of the normally present follicles on the bulbar aspect of the third eyelid 14 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With conjunctivitis, lymphoid hyperplasia (follicular conjunctivitis) occurs commonly on the third eyelid 4,14 . It is due to chronic irritation and immunological stimulation, with proliferation of the normally present follicles on the bulbar aspect of the third eyelid 14 . Ocular involvement in cases of multicentric lymphoma is common in dogs; however, primary lymphoma in the conjunctival mucosa is rare 7–9 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is often difficult to differentiate true neoplasias, lymphoid hyperplasia, and inflammatory lesions of the conjunctiva. Histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation are thus essential for the definitive diagnosis of such conjunctival masses 7,14–18 . In the third eyelid of normal dogs, B lymphocytes are located in germinal centers of the lymphoid follicles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the third eyelid conjunctiva in a dog

Hong

Bae

Lee

et al. 2011

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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A 4-year-old, neutered female Cocker Spaniel was presented to the veterinary clinic for protrusion of the left third eyelid. When the third eyelids from both eyes were everted, lobulated masses were present on the bulbar surface. The left third eyelid had a larger protrusion. There was no apparent associated ocular or systemic involvement. The tumor of left third eyelid was removed and referred for histological examination. Histologically, there were proliferations of lymphoid follicles surrounded by lymphoid cells forming a marginal zone. Those lymphoid cells occasionally infiltrated into conjunctival epithelium. A few apoptotic bodies with karyopyknotic and karyorrhexic nuclei were observed in the germinal center of lymphoid follicles. Mitotic figures were rare. On immunohistochemistry, tumor cells expressed CD79a but not CD3. A diagnosis of extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) of the third eyelid was established based on the histological and immunophenotypical features. At the 1-year follow-up, there was no evidence of recurrence of the mass at the area of excision of the left third eyelid and the remaining tumor of the right third eyelid was still a similar size. The dog still showed no significant findings, except those of the tumor, and no evidence of systemic involvement. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of MALT lymphoma of the third eyelid in a dog.

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“…However, elucidation of a direct causal relationship between topical application of ophthalmic medications and the presence of Malassezia spp on the periocular skin will be difficult regardless of the size of the study population because any association between a specific topically administered medication and the presence of Malassezia spp on the periocular skin might be the consequence of a favorable environment for the yeast created by inflammation from allergic dermatitis caused by the active ingredient of the medication or its constituent compounds. 12 In human patients, allergic reactions to inactive constituents of ophthalmic medications are relatively common and have prompted the use of preservative-or carrier-free medications. 13 Results of the present study also suggested that, although there was no association between the sex of the dog sampled and the identification of Malassezia spp on the periocular skin or development of ocular discharge, female dogs were more likely than were male dogs to develop blepharitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malassezia spp on the periocular skin of dogs and their association with blepharitis, ocular discharge, and the application of ophthalmic medications

Newbold

Outerbridge²,

Kass

et al. 2014

javma

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Malassezia spp are lipophilic and often lipid-dependent yeasts that are common commensal organisms on the skin and ears of dogs but can also cause dermatologic and aural disease. 1 In veterinary medicine, one of the most clinically important species is Malassezia pachydermatis, which is an opportunistic pathogen commonly associated with canine dermatitis and otitis externa secondary to other diseases that result in abnormal sebaceous or ceruminous secretions. In dogs, the distribution of Malassezia spp is dependent on the location of skin sampled, disease status of the animal, and the method used for detection. Malassezia spp have been detected by cytologic evaluation in 40 of 99 (40%) healthy ears and 83 of 101 (82%) diseased ears, 2 and by culture of the organism from samples collected by the use of sterile cotton swabs moistened with sterile saline (0.9% NaCl)Malassezia spp on the periocular skin of dogs and their association with blepharitis, ocular discharge, and the application of ophthalmic medications Objective-To determine how frequently Malassezia spp were identified on the periocular skin of dogs and assess the respective associations between the presence of Malassezia spp on the periocular skin and blepharitis, ocular discharge, and the application of ophthalmic medications. Design-Prospective clinical study. Animals-167 eyelids of 84 dogs.Procedures-Samples obtained from the surface of the eyelid skin by use of adhesive tape were evaluated cytologically for the presence of Malassezia spp. Dogs were grouped on the basis of the presence of blepharitis, nature of ocular discharge, and whether ophthalmic medications were applied, and the proportion of samples with Malassezia spp was compared among the groups.Results-Malassezia spp were detected in 19 samples, of which 15 were obtained from eyes without blepharitis and 14 were obtained from eyes treated with topical ophthalmic medications. The proportion of samples with Malassezia spp was significantly higher for eyes with ocular discharge than for eyes without ocular discharge, especially if that discharge was mucoid or mucopurulent, and for eyes that were treated with aqueous-based medications only or a combination of oil-and aqueous-based medications than for eyes that were not treated. Conclusions and ClinicalRelevance-Malassezia organisms were detected on the periocular skin of 3 of 56 (5%) clinically normal dogs. Malassezia organisms were also frequently found on the periocular skin of dogs that had mucoid or mucopurulent ocular discharge or that were administered topical aqueous-based ophthalmic medications, and the periocular skin of these dogs should be cytologically evaluated for Malassezia organisms. (J Am Vet

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Canine Conjunctivitis and Blepharitis

Cited by 28 publications

References 36 publications

Dacryops of the lacrimal gland in a dog

Dacryops of the lacrimal gland in a dog

Mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the third eyelid conjunctiva in a dog

Malassezia spp on the periocular skin of dogs and their association with blepharitis, ocular discharge, and the application of ophthalmic medications

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