Canine and feline pregnancy loss due to viral and non-infectious causes: A review

Verstegen, J.; Dhaliwal, G. K.; Verstegen-Onclin, K.

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.05.035

Cited by 57 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Direct transmission and differences in canine susceptibility to certain serotypes of the virus are not well elucidated in dogs [78]. The canine distemper virus (CDV) may also affect gestation by the weakness of maternal health inducing abortion, and in rare cases can cross the placenta and lead to abortion or foetal infection [79,80]. The abortion can originate from a systemic infection in dogs or transplacental infection [81].…”

Section: Other Viral Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infectious Causes of Abortion, Stillbirth and Neonatal Death in Bitches

Antunes¹,

CarvalhoFreire²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2016

Canine Medicine - Recent Topics and Advanced Research

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Problems in gestational development in dogs can be determined by infectious and noninfectious causes. Among the non-infectious causes, trauma during pregnancy, genetic characteristics of the animal, deficit nutrition, thyroid dysfunction, maternal problems and hormonal disorders are found. The majority of the cases are in relation to infectious diseases, one should consider viral, bacterial, fungal and protozoal, which can interfere directly or indirectly in the foetal development. The progression of foetal development may be affected by the direct action of the microorganisms to overcome the placenta, but they are also able to affect pregnancy and release placental toxins by inflammatory processes and, may still cause maternal pathologies, which entail problems such as hyperthermia, hypoxia and endotoxemia, which can result in abortion. Several diseases can trigger pregnancy loss in dogs. This action can be direct by microorganisms, as well as indirectly triggering other problems that lead to abortion. This chapter discusses the infectious aetiologies of reproductive failures (abortion, stillbirth and neonatal death) in bitches.

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Section: Other Viral Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this virus can result in miscarriage, with or without foetal infection. Abortion can be a result of stress caused by the disease [79,80].…”

Section: Other Viral Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious Causes of Abortion, Stillbirth and Neonatal Death in Bitches

Antunes¹,

CarvalhoFreire²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2016

Canine Medicine - Recent Topics and Advanced Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The growth of opportunistic aerobic pathogens, anaerobic bacteria and mycoplasma on the culture material of an asymptomatic animal does not denote infection. However, in symptomatic animals, if there is overgrowth of a single organism (more than 100 colony forming units), this organism should provisionally be considered responsible for the infection (PURSWELL, 2004;RONSEE et al, 2004;DHALIWAL;VERSTEGEN-ONCLIN, 2008). …”

Section: Bacterial Vaginitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical signs may appear as diffuse papulo-vesicular lesions on the vaginal mucosa (SCHAEFERS-OKKENS, 1996;DHALIWAL;VERSTEGEN-ONCLIN, 2008). A few days after infection, the lesions become firm, similar to lymphoid follicles, and they regress completely in 14-18 days (JOHNSTON; KUSTRITZ; OLSON, 2001).…”

Section: Viral Vaginitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical approach to canine vaginitis

2012

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Vaginitis is a rare disease in adult female dogs. However, knowledge regarding this illness is important because, if secondary to reproductive tract anomalies that go uncorrected, it can cause ascending uterine infections and, consequently, subfertility or even infertility. Usually, these infections are caused by Enterobacter or microorganisms from the urogenital inferior system, such as Staphylococcus spp, Streptococcus spp, Escherichia coli, Proteus spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pasteurella, etc. In some cases, vaginitis may be caused by primary infections with Brucella canis, which is zoonotic, or by canine herpesvirus; both of these agents have the potential to cause reproductive failure. The disease can occur in any age, breed or ovarian condition and can be identified by vaginal cytology, vaginoscopy and culture of vaginal secretions. The most common clinical signs are erythema of the vaginal mucous, vaginal discharge, pollakiuria, licking of the vulva and attraction of male dogs, independent of the phase of the estrous cycle. This disease is generally self-limiting, and the treatment, when necessary, consists of antibiotic therapy, vaginal cleaning with antiseptic and, eventually, surgical correction of predisposing abnormalities. Key words: Inflammation/infection vaginal, reproduction, bitch ResumoA vaginite é uma afecção rara em cadelas adultas. É uma causa importante de subfertilidade ou infertilidade, quando secundária à anomalias do trato reprodutivo. Normalmente, são causadas por enterobactérias ou pela microbiota do sistema urogenital inferior, tais como Staphylococcus spp, Streptococcus spp, Escherichia coli, Proteus spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pasteurella, entre outras. Em alguns casos, pode ser primária como infecções por Brucella canis, a qual é uma zoonose ou herpesvírus canino, importante causa de falhas reprodutivas. A afecção acomete fêmeas de qualquer idade, raça ou condição ovariana. Os sinais clínicos envolvem mucosa vaginal hiperêmica, corrimento vulvar, polaquiúria, lambedura vulvar, e atração de machos independente da fase do ciclo estral. Pode ser diagnosticada por citologia vaginal, vaginoscopia e cultura da secreção. A enfermidade, muitas vezes, é autolimitante e o tratamento, quando necessário, é realizado com infusão vaginal de antissépticos ou antibióticos e, eventualmente, correção cirúrgica de anormalidades predisponentes. Palavras-chave: Inflamação/infecção vaginal, reprodução, cadela

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“…Le CHV-1 est faiblement immunogène et les anticorps induits par l'infection ne sont décelables que pendant environ une centaine de jours (Verstegen et al 2008). Aussi lorsque le virus entre en latence dans un organisme, les anticorps ne persistent-ils pas très longtemps : il en résulte qu'un animal contaminé depuis longtemps peut très bien héberger le virus et être séronégatif.…”

Section: Diagnostic Sérologiqueunclassified

L'herpèsvirose canine

Fontbonne¹

2011

bavf

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L'herpèsvirose canine est une maladie infectieuse et contagieuse due à un alphaherpèsvirus qui entraîne des troubles de la reproduction. Ce virus peut être également évoqué dans le syndrome de la « toux de chenil ». Après contamination, l'animal subit une séroconversion et devient séropositif. Ensuite, si les défenses immunitaires du chien contaminé sont suffisantes pour contrôler l'infection, le virus s'intègre à l'ADN cellulaire et le chien devient séronégatif. Le virus rentre en « latence » dans diffé-rents organes et peut se réactiver à tout moment à la faveur d'un « stress » ou d'une immunodépression. La prévalence de ce virus au niveau mondial semble élevée, bien que les études de séroprévalence soient peu indicatives, étant donné le fort taux d'animaux séronégatifs porteurs du virus au moment des prélèvements sanguins (phénomène de latence fréquent). Il se réactiverait davantage dans les grands effectifs canins, du fait du stress et du manque d'hygiène. Le diagnostic sérologique est déli-cat à interpréter et est davantage utile pour connaître le statut d'un élevage que pour un dépistage individuel. De nos jours, la mise en évidence de l'ADN viral par amplification génique (PCR) est sans doute la méthode de choix. En ce qui concerne la prévention, l'hygiène des élevages joue un rôle clé. Une vaccination existe dans certains pays mais une séroprévention peut être envisagée dans les éle-vages à risque. Mots

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Canine and feline pregnancy loss due to viral and non-infectious causes: A review

Cited by 57 publications

References 117 publications

Infectious Causes of Abortion, Stillbirth and Neonatal Death in Bitches

Infectious Causes of Abortion, Stillbirth and Neonatal Death in Bitches

Clinical approach to canine vaginitis

L'herpèsvirose canine

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