Candida haemulonii Species Complex: A Mini-review

Francisco, Elaine Cristina; Jong, Auke W. de; Colombo, Arnaldo Lopes

doi:10.1007/s11046-023-00748-8

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Our phylogenetic analysis showed that the C. haemulonii complex consists of several sub-clades. In line with previous studies, C. haemulonii is more distantly related to the other emerging species C. vulturna , C. pseudohaemulonii and C. duobushaemulonii , which here form a sub-clade with the newly described pathogen C. khanbhai (Muñoz et al, 2018; Gade et al, 2020; Francisco et al, 2023). Interestingly, all non-pathogenic species group together, except for C. metrosideri –which groups with C. vulturna – and C. ruelliae that is the basal branching species.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…C. auris has the unique ability to rapidly develop drug resistance either by acquiring point mutations, increasing transcription, or copy number variation (Bassetti et al, 2019; Lockhart et al, 2017). In contrast, resistance of C. haemulonii complex members seem to rely on more conserved intrinsic mechanisms, yet to be understood (Francisco et al, 2023). Alternatively, multiple transporter families such as oligopeptide transporters (OPT), siderophore iron transporters (SIT), ABC transporters and MFS transporters were all reported to confer resistance through upregulation during exposure to antifungals (Muñoz et al, 2018; Li et al, 2022; Wasi et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite C. auris being the most worrisome emerging fungal pathogen, more yeasts are on the rise. Phylogenetic studies revealed that C. auris is closely related to the Candida haemulonii complex (Muñoz et al, 2018; Gade et al, 2020; Francisco et al, 2023). This complex contains other emerging nosocomial pathogens such as Candida haemulonii , Candida duobushaemulonii , and Candida pseudohaemulonii (Muñoz et al, 2018; Cendejas-Bueno et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fungal pathogens exposed – genomic and phenotypic insights intoCandida aurisand its relatives of theCandida haemuloniispecies complex

de Jong,

Boden,

Zandijk

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Candida auris showed the world the ability of fungi to rapidly emerge as an urgent threat to public health. Close relatives of the Candida haemulonii complex exhibit also a similar multi-drug resistant nature and are increasingly reported as nosocomial pathogens. Here, we analyze both complete genomes assemblies and extensive phenotypic data for the five C. auris clades and pathogenic and non-pathogenic species related to the C. haemulonii species complex. First, we resolved the phylogeny of the species complex. Next, comparing C. auris to its pathogenic and non-pathogenic relatives we identified a pathogenic potential for the whole C. haemulonii species complex by shared gene content and phenotypic traits linked to drug resistance and virulence. In vivo virulence assays using the Galleria mellonella fungal infection model show that C. auris strains are significantly more virulent than any of the sibling species in the C. haemulonii complex. Phenotypic analysis links the increased virulence of C. auris to a more stress resistant phenotype compared to its siblings.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fungal pathogens exposed – genomic and phenotypic insights intoCandida aurisand its relatives of theCandida haemuloniispecies complex

de Jong,

Boden,

Zandijk

et al. 2024

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…Invasive candidiasis is primarily caused by Candida albicans and Candida non- albicans , such as Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis and Candida glabrata ( 5 ). In addition to these species, Candida haemulonii can cause invasive candidiasis ( 6 ), with the number of infections reported to be increasing and spreading across South America, Asia, the Middle East and Europe ( 7 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report of amphotericin B resistant Candida haemulonii isolated from the ICU of a referral hospital in Indonesia

Hanifah,

Wahid,

Yasmon

2024

IJM

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Background and Objectives: Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent commonly used to treat Candida haemulonii infection. C. haemulonii was isolated from patients reported to be intrinsically resistant to amphotericin B, en- coded by the ERG2 and ERG11 genes. However, there have been limited studies concerning amphotericin B-resistant C. haemulonii in Indonesia. The objective of this study is to explore the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics (ERG2 and ERG11) of C. haemulonii isolated from the ICU of a referral hospital in Indonesia. Materials and Methods: Identification and susceptibility tests were conducted using VITEK2. Thereafter, DNA was ex-tracted and amplified using conventional PCR followed by DNA sequencing (Sanger method). Results: The results of the phenotypic susceptibility test showed that all C. haemulonii were resistant to amphotericin B. ERG2 and ERG11 sequences showed the same amino acid sequence and corresponded to references that are resistant to amphotericin B. Conclusion: The resistant properties of C. haemulonii against amphotericin B found in this study require further exploration, including comparing resistant and sensitive C. haemulonii to amphotericin B. In addition, it is necessary to analyze other genes besides ERG2 and ERG11.

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“…[1][2][3] These infections are a growing threat because of the limited number of antifungal drugs currently available for treatment, the increasing frequency of antifungal drug resistance, the emergence of new species as etiological agents of mycosis, and the lack of antifungal vaccines. [3][4][5][6][7] The members of the Candida genus are responsible for both superficial and systemic candidiasis, the latter associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. 8 Traditionally, Candida albicans has been regarded as the main etiological agent of candidiasis; however, this paradigm is no longer valid, as other Candida species have frequently been isolated from candidiasis cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of N-Linked Mannosylation Pathway to Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis Biofilm Formation

Clavijo-Giraldo,

Pérez-García,

Hernández-Chávez

et al. 2023

IDR

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Background Mycoses are a growing threat to human health, and systemic candidiasis caused by Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis is frequent in immunocompromised patients. Biofilm formation is a virulence factor found in these organisms, as sessile cells adhere to surfaces, the stratification and production of extracellular matrix provides protection and resistance to antifungal drugs. Previous evidence indicated that the N -linked mannosylation pathway is relevant to C. albicans biofilms, but its contribution to other species remains unknown. Methods C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis och1 ∆ mutants, which have a disrupted N -linked mannosylation pathway, were used to form biofilms. In addition, wild-type and mutant cells were also treated to remove N -linked mannans or block this pathway. Biofilms were analyzed by quantifying the included fungal biomass, and extracellular matrix components. Moreover, gene expression and secreted hydrolytic enzymes were also quantified in these biofilms. Results The och1 ∆ mutants showed a reduced ability to form biofilms in both fungal species when compared to the wild-type and control strains. This observation was confirmed by trimming N -linked mannans from walls or blocking the pathway with tunicamycin B. According to this observation, mutant, and treated cells showed an altered composition of the extracellular matrix and increased susceptibility to antifungal drugs when compared to control or untreated cells. The gene expression of secreted virulence factors, such as aspartyl proteinases and phospholipases, was normal in all the tested cells but the secreted activity was reduced, suggesting a defect in the secretory pathway, which was later confirmed by treating cells with brefeldin A. Conclusion Proper N -linked mannosylation is required for biofilm formation in both C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis . Disruption of this posttranslational modification affected the secretory pathway, offering a link between glycosylation and biofilm formation.

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Candida haemulonii Species Complex: A Mini-review

Cited by 6 publications

References 61 publications

Fungal pathogens exposed – genomic and phenotypic insights intoCandida aurisand its relatives of theCandida haemuloniispecies complex

Fungal pathogens exposed – genomic and phenotypic insights intoCandida aurisand its relatives of theCandida haemuloniispecies complex

First report of amphotericin B resistant Candida haemulonii isolated from the ICU of a referral hospital in Indonesia

Contribution of N-Linked Mannosylation Pathway to Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis Biofilm Formation

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