The stenosis was treated with endoscopic dilatations and brachytherapy, but persisted and became a tracheoesophageal fistula despite repeated placement of esophageal stents. Definitive surgical treatment comprised combined transabdominal and thoracic esophagectomy with creation of a gastric tube and cervical esophagogastrostomy, and repair of the trachea with a pericardial patch and intercostal muscle flap.