The stenosis was treated with endoscopic dilatations and brachytherapy, but persisted and became a tracheoesophageal fistula despite repeated placement of esophageal stents. Definitive surgical treatment comprised combined transabdominal and thoracic esophagectomy with creation of a gastric tube and cervical esophagogastrostomy, and repair of the trachea with a pericardial patch and intercostal muscle flap.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.