Cancers Induced by Piscine Retroviruses

Quackenbush, Sandra L.; Casey, James W.; Bowser, Paul R.; Rovnak, Joel

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-09581-3_7

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Although tumors have been identified in more than 300 species of fish ( 46 ), there is no evidence to support oncovirus induction of hepatic neoplasia in these species. Viruses of the family Herpesviridae and Retroviridae are associated with skin neoplasia in a number of fish species ( 47 , 48 ). The tropism of HBV for hepatocytes and known association with acute and chronic liver diseases, many of which have historically been attributed to contaminants in previous studies of white sucker, warrant the investigation of the association of HBV with liver pathology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a Novel Hepadnavirus in the White Sucker (Catostomus commersonii) from the Great Lakes Region of the United States

Hahn

Iwanowicz

Cornman

et al. 2015

J Virol

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The white sucker Catostomus commersonii is a freshwater teleost often utilized as a resident sentinel. Here, we sequenced the full genome of a hepatitis B-like virus that infects white suckers from the Great Lakes Region of the United States. Dideoxy sequencing confirmed that the white sucker hepatitis B virus (WSHBV) has a circular genome (3,542 bp) with the prototypical codon organization of hepadnaviruses. Electron microscopy demonstrated that complete virions of approximately 40 nm were present in the plasma of infected fish. Compared to avi- and orthohepadnaviruses, sequence conservation of the core, polymerase, and surface proteins was low and ranged from 16 to 27% at the amino acid level. An X protein homologue common to the orthohepadnaviruses was not present. The WSHBV genome included an atypical, presumptively noncoding region absent in previously described hepadnaviruses. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed WSHBV as distinct from previously documented hepadnaviruses. The level of divergence in protein sequences between WSHBV and other hepadnaviruses and the identification of an HBV-like sequence in an African cichlid provide evidence that a novel genus of the family Hepadnaviridae may need to be established that includes these hepatitis B-like viruses in fishes. Viral transcription was observed in 9.5% (16 of 169) of white suckers evaluated. The prevalence of hepatic tumors in these fish was 4.9%, and only 2.4% of fish were positive for both virus and hepatic tumors. These results are not sufficient to draw inferences regarding the association of WSHBV and carcinogenesis in white sucker.IMPORTANCE We report the first full-length genome of a hepadnavirus from fishes. Phylogenetic analysis of this genome indicates divergence from genomes of previously described hepadnaviruses from mammalian and avian hosts and supports the creation of a novel genus. The discovery of this novel virus may better our understanding of the evolutionary history of hepatitis B-like viruses of other hosts. In fishes, knowledge of this virus may provide insight regarding possible risk factors associated with hepatic neoplasia in the white sucker. This may also offer another model system for mechanistic research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a Novel Hepadnavirus in the White Sucker (Catostomus commersonii) from the Great Lakes Region of the United States

Hahn

Iwanowicz

Cornman

et al. 2015

J Virol

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“…These viruses have been the subject of several reviews. 4,48,49 For this review, we have accessed archival materials primarily from the archived Registry of Tumors in Lower Animals as well as cases from the Aquatic Animal Health Program at the College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University.Before evaluating a lesion, any case of a fish tumor must be considered in light of the fish as an ectotherm. Much of the biology of fish is affected by water temperature and seasonality of various physiological processes.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…18 Currently, we rely on a variety of advanced molecular techniques to establish a definitive relationship between a retroviral agent and tumorigenesis. 18,48,52 In addition to tumors associated with retroviruses, we include 2 entities previously associated with retroviruses, European smelt spawning papillomatosis and bicolor damselfish neurofibromatosis, but for which viral associations have become complicated by the discovery of additional viral agents within lesions.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Pathology of Tumors in Fish Associated With Retroviruses

2013

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Thirteen proliferative diseases in fish have been associated in the literature with 1 or more retroviruses. Typically, these occur as seasonal epizootics affecting farmed and wild fish, and most lesions resolve spontaneously. Spontaneous resolution and lifelong resistance to reinfection are 2 features of some piscine retrovirus-induced tumors that have stimulated research interest in this field. The purpose of this review is to present the reader with the epidemiological and morphological features of proliferative diseases in fish that have been associated with retroviruses by 1 or more of the following methods: detection of C-type retroviruslike particles or reverse transcriptase activity in tumor tissues; successful tumor transmission trials using well-characterized, tumor-derived, cell-free inocula; or molecular characterization of the virus from spontaneous and experimentally induced tumors. Two of the diseases included in this review, European smelt spawning papillomatosis and bicolor damselfish neurofibromatosis, at one time were attributed to a retroviral etiology, but both are now believed to involve additional viral agents based on more recent investigations. We include the latter 2 entities to update the reader about these developments. Keywords fishes, piscine, neoplasms, Retroviridae, tumor virus infections, oncogenic virusesMembers of several virus families have been implicated in the etiology of tumors in fish. The literature contains numerous publications in which members of virus families Herpesviridae, Papillomaviridae, and Retroviridae are associated with the development of tumors in fish. In this report, we review the epidemiological, gross, microscopic, and ultrastructural features of 13 piscine tumors reported in the literature for which there is evidence of a retroviral involvement. In some instances, the evidence supporting a retroviral association is compelling and includes viral sequencing and successful transmission trials using a well-characterized inoculum. In other instances, a retroviral association is based on detection of retrovirus-like particles or reverse transcriptase activity in tissues from proliferative lesions. These viruses have been the subject of several reviews. 4,48,49 For this review, we have accessed archival materials primarily from the archived Registry of Tumors in Lower Animals as well as cases from the Aquatic Animal Health Program at the College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University.Before evaluating a lesion, any case of a fish tumor must be considered in light of the fish as an ectotherm. Much of the biology of fish is affected by water temperature and seasonality of various physiological processes. It is well known that the immune response in fish is modified by changes in water temperature and other physiological stressors, such as spawning activity. 39 A review of the case records of most fish disease diagnostic laboratories will show the largest number of neoplastic cases to occur in the spring, a time of changing water temperature and a tim...

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“…Although tumors have been identified in more than 300 species of fish (46), there is no evidence to support oncovirus induction of hepatic neoplasia in these species. Viruses of the family Herpesviridae and Retroviridae are associated with skin neoplasia in a number of fish species (47,48). The tropism of HBV for hepatocytes and known association with acute and chronic liver diseases, many of which have historically been attributed to contaminants in previous studies of white sucker, warrants the investigation of its association with liver pathology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Application of Quantitative Gene Expression Assays in Wild-Caught, Non-Model Fish Species

Hahn¹

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The Great Lakes Basin is the most significant freshwater resource in North America. It is a central location for diverse anthropogenic enterprises and consequently has been heavily impacted by the release of toxic substances. Environmental studies increasingly identify the presence of both contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) and legacy contaminants in aquatic environments; however, the biological effects of these compounds on resident fishes remain largely unknown. To address this issue, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Environmental Contaminants Programs initiated a multiagency, collaborative study which included chemical analysis of water and benthic sediment, assessment of caged fathead minnows and assessment of wild fish health using a suite of biological endpoints. In an effort to accurately and efficiently assess the ecological risks of complex chemical mixtures through the integration and synthesis of data from many levels of biological organization, sequence databases for non-model, resident fish species were required. This dissertation contains chapters that describe; 1.) The development of partial transcriptomes for three wild-caught, resident fish species 2.) The utilization of these sequence databases in the development of quantitative gene expression assays 3.) The application of these assays in both laboratory and environmental analyses and 4.) The use of transcriptome sequence databases in the identification of a novel virus. iii DEDICATION For my Dad. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative for funding of this research. I would like to gratefully acknowledge my committee, Vicki Blazer, Patricia Mazik, Luke Iwanowicz, Amy Welsh and Kyle Hartman for their time and guidance throughout my time as a graduate student. Many people at the Leetown Science Center have helped make this research possible.

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Cancers Induced by Piscine Retroviruses

Cited by 6 publications

References 93 publications

Characterization of a Novel Hepadnavirus in the White Sucker (Catostomus commersonii) from the Great Lakes Region of the United States

Characterization of a Novel Hepadnavirus in the White Sucker (Catostomus commersonii) from the Great Lakes Region of the United States

Pathology of Tumors in Fish Associated With Retroviruses

Development and Application of Quantitative Gene Expression Assays in Wild-Caught, Non-Model Fish Species

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